Ecology Test #2 Review

What statement about energy is true?

• Energy can always be recycled

• Energy only flows in one direction through an ecos

• Energy transfer between trophic levels is efficient.

• Once an energy source is gone it cannot be renewed.

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Aphids are insects that feed on plant sap, causing growth to slow, leaves to wilt, and in some cases, the death of the plant. Ladybugs, which also live on plants, feed on aphids.

Ladybugs and plants show a​ (a)   relationship ​ ​​ ​

• mutualistic
• competitive
• parasitic
• predatory

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Which relationship represents an example of mutualism?

• a lynx hunting a snowshoe hare

• an owl and a snake feeding on rats

• a tapeworm absorbing nutrition from the intestines of a host organism

• an ant colony living on an acacia tree and not allowing vines to grow on the bark

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The diagram shows a food chain.

How does the common toad receive nitrogen in the food chain?

• by feeding on the gray slug

• by feeding directly on the lichens

• by being preyed upon by the grass snake

• by competing with other common toads

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The giant bat feeds on migrating songbirds. It attacks the birds in mid-flight during the night. What type of relationship does the bat share with the songbirds?

• cooperation

• mutualism

• predator-prey

• producer-consumer

In a food web, energy and matter are passed on to the next trophic level when an organism feeds on another organism. However, none of the organisms consume the top consumers.

How does the top consumer help in returning matter to the environment?

• by competition with other top consumers for food

• by excretion of waste and the death of the top consumer

• by releasing body heat in various metabolic processes

• by utilizing atmospheric oxygen to form energy molecules

  by utilizing atmospheric oxygen to form energy molecules

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When honeybees land on dandelion flowers to drink nectar, pollen sticks to their bodies. The pollen is transferred when the honeybees visit other dandelion flowers. What type of ecological relationship is demonstrated by honeybees and dandelions?

• competition

• commensalism

• mutualism

• parasitism

The graph shows the population densities of two species over time.

Based on the graph, what is the best description of the relationship between the two species?

• Species 1 is a competitor of species 2.

• Species 1 is a parasite to species 2.

• Species 1 is the prey of species 2.

• Species 1 is the predator of species 2.

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The photograph shows the common clownfish living unharmed among the stinging tentacles of a sea anemone.

The clownfish gets protection from predators, and the anemone gets scraps of food that the clownfish does not eat. What type of relationship do these organisms have?

• competition

• mutualism

• parasitism

• predation

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The image shows the relationship between an orchid, a dodder, and their host plants.

What table correctly describes the relationship in both ecological interactions?

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