psych chpt 4 hearing and seeing

Match the following

• iris

• a clear covering that protects the eye and begins to focus the incoming light.

• retina

• a structure that focuses the incoming light on the retina

• pupil

• the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil by constricting or dilating in response to light intensity.

• lens

• a small opening in the center of the eye

• cornea

• the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells.

when the focus is behind the retina we say that the person

• near sighted

• farsighted

the focus is in front of the retina, we say that the person is

• nearsighted

• farsighted

Study of effects of physical stimuli on sensory perception and mental states

• psychophysics

• psychodynamic

• evolutionary

• structuralism

Match the following

• color blindness

• the inability to detect either green and/or red colors.

• Young-Helmholtz trichromatic color theory

• messages from our bodies and the external environment that supply us with information about space and distance.

• gestalt

• the inability to detect either green and/or red colors.

• depth cues

• roposes that we analyze sensory information not in terms of three colors but rather in three sets of “opponent colors”: red-green, yellow-blue, and white-black.

• opponent-process color theory

• a meaningfully organized whole.

The retina has two types of photoreceptor cells: rods, which detect brightness and respond to black and white, and cones, which respond to red, green, and blue.

• true

• false

Match the following

• pitch

• the unit of relative loudness

• amplitude

• height of the sound wave

• frequency

• the perceived frequency of a sound.

• decibal

• wavelength of the sound wave

Match the following

• tympanic membrane (eardrum)

• the hammer (or malleus), anvil (or incus), and stirrup (or stapes)

• pinna

• the external and visible part of the ear

• cochlea

• tightly stretched, highly sensitive membrane

• ossicles

• a snail-shaped liquid-filled tube in the inner ear.

• oval window

• the membrane covering the opening of the cochlea, to vibrate, disturbing the fluid inside the cochlea.

The frequency theory of hearing suggests that as a sound wave’s pitch changes, nerve impulses of a corresponding frequency enter the auditory nerve.

• true

• false

a set of liquid-filled areas in the inner ear that monitors the head’s position and movement, maintaining the body’s balance

• vestibular system

• olfaction

• kinesthesia

• proprioception