APP 005

refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different components of the study in a logical way, ensuring that you will effectively address the research problem.

is scientific research used to collect non-numerical data through different qualitative

research

methods

like

observational methods, Face-to-Face interviews, case studies.

refers to studying real-world situations as they unfold naturally; non-manipulative and noncontrolling; the researcher is open to whatever emerges [i.e., there is a lack of predetermined constraints on findings].

acceptance of adapting inquiry as understanding deepens and/or situations change; the researcher avoids rigid designs that eliminate responding to opportunities to pursue new paths of discovery as they emerge.

cases for study [e.g., people, organizations, communities, cultures, events, critical incidences] are selected because they are "information rich" and illuminative.

observations yield a detailed, "thick description" (in-depth understanding): interviews capture direct quotations about people's personal perspectives and lived experiences; often derived from carefully conducted case studies and review of material culture.

researcher has direct contact with and gets close to the people, situation, and phenomenon under investigation; the researcher's personal experiences and insights are an important part of the inquiry and critical to understanding the phenomenon.

- an empathic stance in working with study respondents seeks vicarious understanding without judgment [neutrality by showing openness, sensitivity, respect, awareness, and responsiveness; in observation, it means being fully present [mindfulness].

there is attention to process; assumes change is ongoing, whether the focus is on an individual, an organization, a community, or an entire culture, therefore, the researcher is mindful of and attentive to system and situational dynamics.

assumes that each case is special and unique; the first level of analysis is being true to, respecting, and capturing the details of the individual cases being studied; cross-case analysis follows from and depends upon the quality of individual case studies.