(M)Revolutions and Enlightenment Test

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1) Francis Bacon’s scientific method used

• b. the wisdom of ancient scientists.
• c. inductive reasoning to find specific truth from basic facts.
• d. assumptions that were not observed.

2) Rationalism is the belief that

• b. matter matters.
• c. the human mind is perfect.
• d. reason is the chief source of knowledge.

3) Which religion dominated most of Western Europe during the Enlightenment and often clashed with the ideas held by European philosophers?

• a. Eastern Orthodoxy
• b. Islam
• c. Catholicism

4) What is the most important difference between the Ptolemaic system and the Copernican system?

• a. the position of fixed stars
• b. the body at the center of the universe
• d. the position of Jupiter

5) To Voltaire and many other philosophes, the universe was

• b. unknowable.
• c. like a clock.
• d. constructed like a flower.

6) The concern of eighteenth-century monarchs for a balance of power basically involved the desire to

• a. prevent domination by one state.
• b. build larger armies.
• c. expand territory.

7) The Seven Years’ War took place in three main regions of the world: Europe, North America, and which of the following?

• b. Australia
• c. India
• d. Africa

8) Which of the following leaders pursued truly radical changes based on Enlightenment ideas?

• a. Joseph II
• b. Frederick the Great
• c. Catherine the Great

9) The War of the Austrian Succession began because ____________________ ascended to the throne.

• a. Charles IV
• b. Maria Theresa
• c. Frederick II of Prussia