CJ-1 Unit 4.1: Early History of Policing

Amalgamation

• A unit of ten tithings (or 100 households) under the old English Frankpledge system.
• The process or result of uniting or consolidating things.
• A set of laws developed by Babylonian King Hammurabi that date back to the 18th century BC; the earliest written legal code known.
• An ancient system of law enforcement where law enforcement responsibility was held by all citizens, and everyone was responsible for the conduct of their extended families.

August Vollmer

• A police reformer known for his strong support for higher education and professionalism in policing.
• A period during the Nineteenth Century when policing in America's large urban centers were defined by political patronage and graft and corruption were rampant.
• A policing system used in Medieval English towns where community members were appointed to serve as guards during the day (the ward) and at night (the watch).
• The geographical territory to which a patrol officer is assigned.

Beat

• The geographical territory to which a patrol officer is assigned.
• A system of policing used in England during the Early Middle Ages whereby communities were divided into small groups (tithings) that were collectively responsible for the conduct of all members.
• To bring under the control of a nation, such as the government of the United States.
• The process or result of uniting or consolidating things.

Civil Service

• The ancient code of laws that, according to the Old Testament, were given by God to Moses.
• An ancient system of law enforcement where law enforcement responsibility was held by all citizens, and everyone was responsible for the conduct of their extended families.
• A policing system used in Medieval English towns where community members were appointed to serve as guards during the day (the ward) and at night (the watch).
• A system of government service employment based on merit and examinations rather than on political patronage.

Code of Hammurabi

• Controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than responding to an event after it has happened.
• An old English term for a geographical area equivalent to a modern county.
• A set of laws developed by Babylonian King Hammurabi that date back to the 18th century BC; the earliest written legal code known.
• A man elected to preside over a tithing (a group of ten families) under the mutual pledge system.

Decentralized

• To bring under the control of a nation, such as the government of the United States.
• A charter of liberties that the English Barons forced King John to sign in 1215.
• An English office during feudal times that evolved into the modern office of sheriff.
• Not having a single administrative center.

Frankpledge System

• A church based administrative division of territory; corresponds to a county in modern usage.
• A group of ten families under the mutual pledge system.
• A Latin legal phrase meaning the "power of the county;" a group of all able bodied men that the sheriff could summon to give chase to a fugitive.
• A system of policing used in England during the Early Middle Ages whereby communities were divided into small groups (tithings) that were collectively responsible for the conduct of all members.

Hue and Cry

• The ancient code of laws that, according to the Old Testament, were given by God to Moses.
• A calling out to the members of a community in order to collectively pursue a criminal, as was mandated under old English law.
• A church based administrative division of territory; corresponds to a county in modern usage.
• A system of government service employment based on merit and examinations rather than on political patronage.

Hundred

• A policing system used in Medieval English towns where community members were appointed to serve as guards during the day (the ward) and at night (the watch).
• A unit of ten tithings (or 100 households) under the old English Frankpledge system.
• An English office during feudal times that evolved into the modern office of sheriff.
• Another name for the Frankpledge System.

Kin Policing

• A policing system used in Medieval English towns where community members were appointed to serve as guards during the day (the ward) and at night (the watch).
• Controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than responding to an event after it has happened.
• An ancient system of law enforcement where law enforcement responsibility was held by all citizens, and everyone was responsible for the conduct of their extended families.
• The ancient code of laws that, according to the Old Testament, were given by God to Moses.