It believes that "the self" is an illusion and that we are all interconnected.

• Western thought

• Eastern thought

• Pyschological Perspective

• Sociological Perspective

It teaches that the process of socialization helps shape a person’s image, wherein the person learns the attributes of his culture and community.

• Western thought

• Eastern thought

• Pyschological Perspective

• Sociological Perspective

It favors a rational-empirical approach over magical and superstitious explanation of things, including the self.

• Western thought

• Eastern thought

• Pyschological Perspective

• Sociological Perspective

It says that the self is embedded in our culture.

• Anthropological Perspective

• Philosophical Perspective

• Pyschological Perspective

• Sociological Perspective

He believed that congruence happens when our thoughts about our real self and ideal self are very similar. Congruence leads to a greater sense of self-worth and a healthy, productive life

• Maurice Merleau-Ponty

• Gilbert Ryle

• Paul Churchland

• Carl Rogers

He believed that the self is defined by the movement of our brain. A constant movement of the brain can be the basis of who the person is.

• Maurice Merleau-Ponty

• Gilbert Ryle

• Paul Churchland

• Carl Rogers

It teaches that unsatisfactoriness and suffering exist and are universally experienced. Desire and attachment are the causes of unsatisfactoriness and suffering.

• Taoism

• Confucianism

• Buddhism

• Hinduism

It teaches that the self is part of the universe. It is living a balanced life with society and nature, being open and accepting to change, forgetting about prejudices and egocentric ideas.

• Taoism

• Confucianism

• Buddhism

• Hinduism

According to Freud, this area is where majority of our memories since childhood are deeply stored. It is very difficult to tap the memories. It would need a trained professional and several special techniques in order to make some memories resurface.

• Conscious

• Unconscious

• Pre-conscious

• Ideal self

According to Plato, it is the part of the person that is driven by desire and need to satisfy oneself. This satisfaction involves physical needs, pleasures and desires, objects, and situations.

• Appetitive Soul

• Spirited Soul

• Rational Soul

• Ideal self