Some linguists and psychologists use _____ for the ability to use two languages and multilingualism for more than two, while monolingualism refers to the ability to use only one.

Multilingualism is not a rare phenomenon, but a normal and common occurrence in most parts of the world.

• True

• False

Multilingualism cannot be assumed to involve simply the same knowledge and skills as monolingualism except in more than one language.

• True

• False

Cook (1991, p. 112) referred to “the compound state of a mind with two [or more] grammars” as ______.

• multilingual competence

• multilingualism

• monolingual competence

• monolingualism

Reasons for ______ in reporting language data include some which have social and political significance, and some which merely reflect imprecise or ambiguous terminology.

Humans are born with a natural ability or _____ capacity to learn language.

Children begin to learn their L1 at the same age, and in much the same way, whether it is English, Bengali, Korean, Swahili, or any other language in the world.

• True

• False

Children master the basic _____ and grammatical operations

in their L1 by the age of about five or six regardless of what the language is.

The _____ of progression through stages of language development can vary radically among individual children.

• rate

• order

The _____ of language development is relatively invariant both for different children and for different languages.

• rate

• order