Chapter 7 & 8 Review - Axial & Appendicular Skeleton

What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?

• Protect and support organs.

• Provide surface area for muscle attachment.

• Stabilize and position parts of the appendicular skeleton.

• All of the above.

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone?

• Inferior nasal conchae

• Lacrimal bones

• Maxillae

• Hyoid

Answer explanation

The 14 facial bones include 2 inferior nasal conchae, 2 lacrimal bones, 1 mandible, 2 maxillae (maxillary bones), 2 nasal bones, 2 palatine bones, 1 vomer, and 2 zygomatic bones.

Which of the following are bones of the orbital complex?

• Frontal bone

• Vomer

• Palatine

• Ethmoid

Answer explanation

The bones forming the orbital complex are the frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, palatine, maxilla, lacrimal, and ethmoid.

The largest fibrous areas between the cranial bones are known as

• maxillary sinuses.

• nasal bones.

• fontanelles.

• spinal processes.

a

b

c

Manubrium

Body

Xiphoid process

Which of the following bones contain a paranasal sinus?

• vertebrae

• zygomatic

• ethmoid

• dens

Answer explanation

The sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, and paired palatine and maxillary bones contain the paranasal sinuses.

What is the purpose of a fontanelle? (Select all that apply)

• To provide cushion for the brain.

• To allow the skull to change shape during childbirth

• To drain fluid from the brain.

• To allow for growth of the brain during infancy and childhood.

Answer explanation

Because they are not ossified at birth, fontanelles permit the skull to change shape during childbirth, and they allow for growth of the brain during infancy and early childhood.

Secondary curves of the spine allow us to ​ (a)   our body weight on our lower limbs with minimal muscular effort. Without the secondary curves, we would not be able to ​ (b)   for extended periods.

• balance
• stand upright
• bend
• squat
• twist
• tilt

Why does the vertebral column of an adult have fewer vertebrae than that of a newborn?

• Some of the vertebrae dissolve in the body fluid.

• The sacral vertebrae fuse to form a single sacrum.

• The coccygeal vertebrae fuse form a single coccyx.

• The sacral vertebrae fuse to form a single sacrum and the coccygeal vertebrae fuse to form a single coccyx,

Match the following bones to their respective groups

• Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpal Bones, Metacarpal bones, Phalanges

• Upper limbs

• Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsal bones, Metatarsal bones, Phalanges

• Pectoral girdles

• Hip bones

• Lower Limbs

• Clavicle, Scalpula

• Pelvic Girdle