Unit 4: Cell Reproduction Test Review

Which statement correctly uses the model to explain how mitosis maintains genetic continuity?

• The chromosomes in cell 1 are the same as in cells 6 and 7.

• Crossing-over occurs in cell 4, which increases the genetic diversity in cells 6 and 7.

• When the nuclear membrane reforms in cell 5, each nucleus becomes diploid in number.

• The independent assortment that is represented in cell 2 ensures that cell 3 has the correct number of chromosomes.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

At the end of meiosis II, how does the DNA in each of the four new cells compare to the DNA from the original cell?

• half as much and genetically the same as the original

• twice as much and genetically the same as the original

• half as much and genetically different from the original

• twice as much and genetically different from the original

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The diagram shows a bacterial cell dividing. What is an ADVANTAGE of this type of reproduction?

• It is a slow process.

• Only one parent is required.

• New genetic combinations are created

• Offspring are well adapted to a changing environment

Today, the common type of banana we buy and eat is a Cavendish banana. They arose from chance mutants that were produced sexually from wild banana plants. The Cavendish banana is infertile and can only be produced by cloning from root shoots. Large commercial growers worldwide now plant only the mutant type. Some information about both types of banana is recorded in the table.

Why are scientists warning that exclusively growing this mutant type by asexual reproduction presents a serious disadvantage?

• The loss of an adequate Cavendish banana seed supply could result in extinction of this variety.

• The changes in characteristics from a parent plant to a clone will produce inconsistent plants that are less healthy.

• The lack of genetic variability among clones puts the whole species at increased risk of extinction through a catastrophic disease or pest.

• The increasing number of homologous sets of chromosomes with each successive generation of clones will eventually result in widespread death of banana plants.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

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Meiosis results in the formation of ___.

• two genetically different, diploid cells

• four genetically identical, haploid cells.

• two genetically identical ,diploid cells.

• four genetically different, haploid cells.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Crossing over in Prophase I of meiosis results in _____.

• a female genotype.

• genetic diversity.

• a phenotype replication.

• a  male genotype.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

All of the following circumstances, EXCEPT ___________ can produce new combinations of genetic traits in sperm and eggs that are different from the parents.

• errors during meiosis

• errors during mitosis

• crossing over during meiosis

• mutations due to exposure to chemicals

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Mutations can occur in the chromosomes of all types of cells. Mutations that are passed onto offspring must occur in ____.

• gametes

• body cells.

• stem cells. 

• somatic cells.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A male and female have a child that has three copies of chromosome 18. Although both parents are unaffected, their doctor claims that the disorder associated with having an extra chromosome 18 is the result of a chromosomal mutation in cells that carry inherited material. Which argument supports this claim?

• A mutation occurred when crossing over caused chromosome 18 to be replicated twice during meiosis, allowing one parent to donate two copies of chromosome 18 to the child.

• A nondisjunction mutation was caused by the improper separation of the genetic material during meiosis, allowing the gamete of one parent to donate two copies of chromosome 18 to the child.

• A substitution mutation during replication allowed the genetic material of chromosome 18 to replace the genetic material of a nearby chromosome, causing the child to have three copies of  chromosome 18.

• An insertion mutation during replication allowed the genetic material of chromosome 18 to be  inserted into the genetic material of another chromosome, causing three copies of chromosome 18  to be made

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A model of segregation of alleles during meiosis is shown here. A student hypothesizes that failure for chromosomes to segregate during meiosis might impact the phenotype of the resulting offspring, if those gametes are fertilized. What question is most relevant for the student to ask about the outcome of a lack of segregation of chromosomes?

• If a gamete forms without segregation of chromosomes, will all offspring be codominant?

• If a gamete forms without segregation of chromosomes, will a triploid offspring survive?

• If a gamete forms without segregation of chromosomes, will the cell undergo meiosis again?

• If a gamete forms without segregation of chromosomes, will genetically identical offspring be formed?

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2