Design types

Choose the type of design that provides the data with the highest level of evidence

• open-labeled study

• randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial

• case-control

• cohort

The clinical question consists of the following components

• Patient or clinical situation

• intervention (measures of influence taken)

• Comparison of the effectiveness of interventions (impacts)

• Outcomes (results) of interventions

Which methods of clinical research occupies the highest step in the hierarchy of evidence-based medicine methods?

• Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

• Systematic review of randomized clinical trials

• Randomized controlled clinical trial

• Description of a series of cases

If you want to find a systematic review of guaranteed high quality, containing reliable information on the topic of interest to us, you should perform a search in this database of biomedical research:

• MEDLINE

• eLibrary

• RxList

• The Cochrane Library

A randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) should provide answers to the following questions

• What is the typical clinical picture of the disease under study, its outcomes and complications?

• Is the studied therapeutic effect really effective for a certain disease or condition? What is the quantitative measure of this efficiency?

• What risk factors influence the development of a certain disease and the frequency of its adverse outcomes?

• what is the safety profile of the studied therapeutic effect (side effects, drug interactions)? What is the ratio of benefit to harm from the application of the studied therapeutic effect?

If we want to find a method of treatment with proven efficacy that corresponds to the clinical situation that has arisen in us, we need to first of all look for publications containing the results of these types of clinical studies

• Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (RCT

• Cohort

• Case-series

• Systematic review of RCTs or meta-analysis of RCTs

The criteria for selecting patients to participate in a clinical trial (the so-called "inclusion criteria"), as well as the criteria for excluding patients from the study, are formulated

• about the beginning of the study (at the stage of writing its protocol)

• at the stage of inclusion of patients in research

• during the actual research

• at the stage of statistical analysis of the research data

Choose an observational type of study

• cohort

• case-control

• RCT

• cross-sectional

"We look to the past to know who developed the disease" (e.g. using

medical records) What's type of study design?

• Prospective

• Retrospective

• Case-Control Study

• Present

If we need to test the effectiveness of medicines, which type of study is most effective?

• RCT

• Cohort

• Case-Control

• Qualitative