Theories of Motivation

​Motivation includes factors that _______ goal-directed behavior.

• ​activate

• direct

• sustain

• activate, direct, and sustain

Which theorists supported instinct theory?

• Walter Cannon and Philip Bard

• William Masters and Virginia Johnson

• Abraham Maslow and Darryl Bem

• Sigmund Freud and William James

What is an instinct?

• a drive that is acquired through experience

• a factor that activates, directs, and sustains goal-directed behavior

• a fixed inborn pattern of responding that is species-specific

• an internal state that prompts stimulation-seeking behavior

A need is

• another word for instinct.

• ​a state of deprivation or deficiency.

• a learned desire.

• a reward that motivates.

Homeostasis is the basis for which theory of motivation?

• arousal theory

• drive theory

• ​need theory

• ​hierarchy of needs theory

Donald has a higher need for arousal than the average person. In psychological terms, Donald would be described as

• a sensation-seeker.

• having an antisocial personality.

• having performance anxiety.

• having an antisocial personality.

Regarding the incentive theory of motivation, which of the following statements is FALSE?

• ​Incentive values are influenced by past learning experiences.

• Compared to drive theory, incentive theory is more concerned with internal need states.

• Incentive values are influenced by expectancies.

• Cultural influences play a large role in determining individual incentive values.

Regarding sources of motivation, self-gratification is to _______ as money is to _________ .

• ​intrinsic; avoidance

• extrinsic; avoidance

• intrinsic; extrinsic

• avoidance; extrinsic

The hierarchy of needs model of human motivation was developed by

• Maslow.

• Hull.

• Zuckerman.

• McClelland.

What are considered the basic needs in Maslow’s hierarchy?

• Physiological

• safety

• love/belongingness

• esteem

• self-actualization