Sociology Chs 9 and 10

What are learned attitudes and behaviors that characterize women and men are known as?

• gender identity

• gender expression

• gender stereotypes

• gender

Answer explanation

Gender refers to learned attitudes and behaviors that characterize women and men. Gender is based on social and cultural expectations rather than on physical traits.

Tags

Ch 9

Which of the following is not a type of sexual orientation?

• Homosexual

• Asexual

• Bisexual

• Intersexual

Answer explanation

Intersexual is not a type of sexual orientation, but rather a word to describe people whose sex at birth isn't clearly either male or female. These children are born with both male and female external genitals or an incomplete development of internal reproductive organs.

Tags

Ch 9

What is an awareness of ourselves as male or female and how we express our sexual values, attitudes, and feelings called?

• gender identity

• sexual identity

• sexual orientation

• gender expression

Answer explanation

Our sexual identity is an awareness of ourselves as male or female and how we express our sexual values, attitudes, and feelings. Our sexual identity incorporates a sexual orientation. Most people's sexual identity corresponds with their biological sex, but not always.

Tags

Ch 9

Which of the following statements is true of the gender pay gap?

• The average woman must work almost nine extra weeks every year to make the same wages as a man.

• Women receive half the pay men receive for the same work.

• Men and women receive equal pay for equal work in high-paying fields, but not low-paying fields.

• The gender pay gap continues to increase even as women on average work more hours than men.

Answer explanation

The gender pay gap shows that the average woman must work almost nine extra weeks every year to make the same wages as a man.

Tags

Ch 9

Which of the following is true of sexual scripts?

• They are unchangeable.

• They are highly gendered.

• They do not vary across groups.

• They are external.

Answer explanation

A sexual script specifies the formal and informal norms for acceptable or unacceptable sexual behavior. Sexual scripts can change over time and across groups but are highly gendered in two ways—women's increasing hypersexualization and a persistent sexual double standard.

Tags

Ch 9

Two of the most controversial and politically contested social issues continue to be abortion and what other issue?

• hooking up.

• same-sex marriage.

• teenage sexual activity.

• sexual harassment.

Answer explanation

Two of the most controversial and politically contested social issues continue to be abortion and same-sex marriage. Those who favor same-sex marriage argue that people should have the same rights regardless of sexual orientation, whereas those who oppose same-sex marriage contend that such unions are immoral, weaken traditional notions of marriage, and are contrary to religious beliefs.

Tags

Ch 9

In all countries and regions, which of the following have the greatest gender gaps?

• educational attainment.

• economic participation.

• violence against females.

• violence against males.

Answer explanation

In all countries and regions, the greatest gender gaps are in women's economic participation and political leadership. In many countries, women continue to face discrimination in access to work, economic assets, and participation in private and public decision making.

Tags

Ch 9

Which of the following statements reflects the functionalist perspective on gender and sexuality?

• Gender roles give men power to control women's sexual lives.

• Gender roles are complementary and help society operate smoothly.

• Gender is a social construction that emerges through everyday interaction.

• Gender inequality is built into the social structure and sexuality reflects sexism.

Answer explanation

Functionalists believe gender roles are complementary and help society operate smoothly. In the functionalist perspective, women and men have distinct roles and responsibilities that are equally important in meeting a family's needs and ensuring a society's survival.

Tags

Ch 9

What are the array of competencies that have economic value and increase productivity known as?

• social capital.

• economic capital.

• human capital.

• cultural capital.

Answer explanation

Human capital is the array of competencies—including education, job training, skills, and experience—that have economic value and increase productivity. From a functionalist perspective, what individuals earn is the result of choices they make and, consequently, the amount of human capital they accumulate.

Tags

Ch 9

Which of the following is a theoretical perspective that analyzes gender and sexuality at both macro and micro levels?

• The feminist perspective

• The social construction perspective

• The conflict theorist perspective

• The symbolic interactionist perspective

Answer explanation

The feminist perspective analyzes gender and sexuality at both macro and micro levels, emphasizing that gender, race, and social class intersect to form a hierarchical stratification system that shapes women's and men's attitudes, experiences, and behavior.

Tags

Ch 9