Respiratory Midway

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

• net uptake of carbon dioxide from the air and removal of oxygen from the blood

• regulation of blood H+ concentration

• Trapping of blood clots

• phonation

What is one function of the type II alveolar cells?

• Production of surfactant

• Secretion of mucus

• Phagocytizing bacteria and other foreign particles

• Make up the majority of the epithelial wall of the alveoli

Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary surfactant is TRUE?

• It is secreted by type I alveolar cells

• It increases the compliance of the lungs

• It increases airway resistance

• It is secreted into the intrapleural space

Which of the following is a cause of asthma?

• Loss of alveoli

• Inflammation of the bronchioles

• Elevation of intrapleural pressure to equal atmospheric pressure

• Environmental chemicals that stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors

Which of the following would cause a decrease in the binding affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

• increased pH of the blood

• increased temperature of the blood

• decreased DPG levels in erythrocytes

• the presence of carbon monoxide

What brain center has neurons that fire mainly during inspiration and have input to the spinal motor neurons that activate the diaphragm and inspiratory intercostal muscles?

• the ventral respiratory group of the medulla oblongata

• the pre-Botzinger complex

• the dorsal respiratory group of the medulla oblongata

• the pneumotaxic center of pons

Which of the following are chemoreceptors?

• hair cells in the cochlea

• receptors in the aortic and carotid bodies

• baroreceptors in the aortic and carotid arch

• receptors that mediate the Hering-Breuer reflex

If the nerves from the carotid and aortic bodies are cut, which of these would occur?

• a decrease in arterial PO2 will no longer increase ventilation

• an increase in arterial PCO2 will no longer increase ventilation

• an increase in arterial lactic acid will inhibit ventilation

• an increase in arterial PCO2 will inhibit ventilation

Which correctly describes the cause of the increase in alveolar ventilation that occurs when a person ascends to a high altitude?

• The decrease in PCO2 of inspired air decreases alveolar PCO2, stimulating the peripheral chemoreceptors

• The decrease in PCO2 of inspired air decreases alveolar PCO2, stimulating the central chemoreceptors

• The decrease in PO2 of inspired air decreases alveolar and arterial PO2, stimulating the peripheral chemoreceptors

• The decrease in total atmospheric pressure causes a greater negative pressure in the intrapleural space, resulting in deeper and more frequent breathing

Alpha-1 antitrypsin is produced in the liver and released into the blood, ultimately to protect the lungs from attack by:

• T lymphocyte

• B lymphocyte

• Neutrophil

• Basophil