7b AP Pysch Vocab

beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language.

• telegraphic speech

• mental set

• one-word stage

• babbling stage

the way an issue is posed; how an issue is presented can significantly affect decisions and judgments.

• fixation

• grammar

• semantics

• framing

judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to match particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information.

• confirmation bias

• belief perseverance

• availability heuristic

• representativeness heuristic

clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.

• functional fixedness

• overconfidence

• belief perseverance

• confirmation bias

estimating the likelihood of events based on their presence in our memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common.

• availability heuristic

• belief perseverance

• confirmation bias

• representativeness heuristic

beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly statements made up of only a couple of words.

• babbling stage

• telegraphic speech

• prototype

• two-word stage

in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others.

• semantics

• syntax

• grammar

• language

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

• language

• cognition

• intuition

• heuristic

(1) the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set. (2) according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved.

• fixation

• framing

• intuition

• heuristic

the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.

• intuition

• insight

• creativity

• cognition