Exam 2

What is Ideology?

• The term originated at the time of the French Revolution and denotes an objective science of ideas.

• The term originated at the time of the American Revolution and demotes an objective science of wants.

• The belief of something.

• The way something is, no belief, the simple thing of is.

What did Karl Marx do?

• was a German socialist who, together with Frederich Engels wrote the Communist Manifesto

• Views the world in eschatological terms and believes that reality is a class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

• The end of history would be the proletariat rise up against the bourgeoisie and create a communist state.

• was a German liberal, who together with Frederich Engels, wrote the Communist Manifesto

A cohesive set of ideas and beliefs used to organize and evaluate the political world.

• Political belief

• Political party beliefs

• Political communication

• Political Ideology

Ideology provides

• a description of the existing political order

• a vision of what the ideal political order ought to look like

• a means, if necessary, to transform the former into the latter

• ensuring security for citizens

Liberalism

• regarded its effects as dehumanizing

• based on social contract theory and individuals have rights against the state and society

• the notion of each person as rational and able to determine his/her own best interest as opposed to government or society

• believe that human fulfilment can only be attained in a cooperative context

argues that the state should not interfere in social or economic activities beyond the basic minimum

• classical liberalism

• new liberalism

argues that the state should intervene to ensure that all individuals enjoy at least some degree of freedom

• classical liberalism

• new liberalism

Socialism...

• regarded effects of capitalism as dehumanizing

• believe that human fulfillment can only be attained in a cooperative context

• think that individuals are naturally competitive

• no economic inequalities and individual character is shaped by social circumstances and can achieve much more through cooperation than through competition

Conservatism...

• arose in opposition to liberal ideas of the French Revolution

• preference for an organic society in which everyone knows their place and individuals are not perfectible

• social hierarchy

• rational projects of political change

Edmund Burke

• supported the American Revolution and conservatism

• Opposed the East India Company and advocates for India to take more of a role in its own affairs

• supported independence of British members of Parliament

• did not support the American Revolution and had liberal ideologies