Cell Processes Test Review

The structure of the cell membrane enables it to be selectively permeable. What macromolecule makes up the majority of the cell membrane?

• nucleic acids
• phospholipids
• amino acids
• carbohydrates

If the pink solution is water and the purple circles are large sugar molecules (which cannot pass through the membrane), which way would water move across the semi-permeable membrane?

• From A to B
• From B to A
• It will not move since it cannot go through the membrane
• It will move at the same rate from A->B and B->A

What type of transport is likely to occur in the beaker shown below? (purple circles = large sugar molecules, pink solution = water)

• Active transport
• Diffusion
• Facilitated diffusion
• Osmosis

Explain what causes the change in the liquid levels from the beaker to the left compared to the beaker on the right.

• The beaker on the left is hypotonic and so water will need to be added to the beaker.
• Water in the solution moves from high concentration to low concentration through the semi-permeable membrane, causing one side to have less water (lower level) and the other side to have more water (higher level)
• Water in the solution moves through a protein channel in the membrane, from low to high concentration.
• Sugar molecules (the red circles) diffuse in the water, causing the water level to rise in the left side of the beaker.

How is active transport different from passive transport?

• Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP, while passive transport does not
• Passive transport moves materials from high to low concentration while active transport may move materials from low to high concentration
• Osmosis is a form of passive transport while endocytosis is a form of active transport
• All answers are true

Why do plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria?

• They need chloroplasts to hold the chlorophyll they need to do respiration and the mitochondria give them energy.
• Plants do both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
• Plants do both photosynthesis and respiration; photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts and respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
• Plants use the energy from the mitochondria as a form of shock defense to predators since they cannot run away.

Which of the following is FALSE about heterotrophs?

• They must eat food to obtain glucose for cell respiration
• They use a form of cell respiration to make ATP
• They are only prokaryotic organisms
• They make their own food through photosynthesis

Which of the following cell processes makes muscles "burn" during intense exercise?

• photosynthesis
• alcoholic fermentation
• aerobic respiration
• lactic acid fermentation

How are cell respiration and photosynthesis related?

What is the role of chlorophyll?

• It is the final electron acceptor (at the end of the ETC) in aerobic cell respiration
• It helps to convert ATP to ADP
• It absorbs energy from sunlight to get energy for photosynthesis
• It holds all of the cell organelles in a plant cell so they do not rattle around inside of the cell