PM quiz

Which leadership theory proposes that effective group performance depends on the proper match between a leader’s style and the degree to which the situation allows the leader to control and influence?

• Path-goal theory

• Fiedler contingency model

• Situational leadership theory

• Transformational leadership theory

Answer explanation

The Fiedler contingency model proposes that the effectiveness of a leader depends on the fit between the leader's style and the situation. Specifically, the theory suggests that leaders have a dominant style that is either task-oriented or relationship-oriented, and that the effectiveness of the leader depends on whether the situation matches their style. For example, a task-oriented leader may be most effective in a situation where the task is well-structured and clear, while a relationship-oriented leader may be more effective in a situation where the task is ambiguous and unclear.

When may leadership not be important?

• In every situation, leadership is always important

• When individual, job, and organizational variables act as substitutes for leadership

• Only when the leader is ineffective

• When the leader has a task-oriented leadership style

Answer explanation

Research suggests that in some situations, individual, job, and organizational variables can act as substitutes for leadership, negating the influence of the leader. Therefore, in these situations, leadership may not be important.

Which of the following are characteristics of effective leadership training?

• Expensive and exclusive training programs

• Contextualization

• One-size-fits-all approach

• Ignoring the culture and strategy of the organization

Answer explanation

Effective leadership training should be contextualized, meaning it should be set in the strategy and culture of the organization. This ensures that the learning is relevant and applicable to the organization and its employees.

Why is trust important in a work environment where employees have increased decision-making discretion?

• It allows managers to monitor employees more closely.

• It ensures that employees will always make the right decisions.

• It allows employees to feel confident that they will be treated fairly.

• It eliminates the need for control mechanisms.

Answer explanation

Trust becomes critical when employees have increased decision-making discretion because they must trust managers to treat them fairly, and managers must trust employees to fulfill their responsibilities conscientiously. Trust allows for a positive work environment where employees feel confident in their abilities and the support of their leaders.

According to path-goal theory, which leadership behavior is most effective for subordinates who are performing structured tasks?

• Directive leader

• Participative leader

• Supportive leader

• Achievement-oriented leader

Answer explanation

Path-goal theory proposes that effective leadership behavior depends on the characteristics of the task and the subordinates. For subordinates performing structured tasks, a supportive leadership style is most effective, as it provides emotional support, fosters a positive work environment, and helps reduce stress and increase motivation. Subordinates performing structured tasks don't need much direction or guidance from their leader, but they benefit from a leader who supports their efforts and provides positive feedback.

What are the five sources of leader power identified in the passage?

• Reward, referent, coercive, expert, legitimate

• Legitimate, coercive, reward, expertise, cultural

• Integrity, competence, consistency, loyalty, openness

• Empowerment, trust, credibility, honesty, competence