Conditioning & Learning

Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory stresses the importance of learning

• by increasing stimulus control.

• by developing cognitive maps.

• by observing a model.

• by demonstrating fixed-action patterns.

What is the four-step process for observational learning to occur?

• attention, retention, removal, modeling

• attention, retention, reproduction, motivation

• retention, modeling, reproduction, social learning

• social learning, modeling, observation, insight

Amanda was bitten by a black dog when she was a child. Prior to being bitten, Amanda enjoyed playing with dogs and was not afraid of them. Ever since, Amanda becomes fearful when she sees any dog. This is

• discrimination.

• stimulus generalization.

• extinction.

• spontaneous recovery.

In Pavlov's classic study, prior to conditioning, the sound was considered a(n)

• conditioned response.

• conditioned stimulus.

• unconditioned stimulus.

• neutral stimulus.

Which of the following learning processes refers to a decrease in strength of response to a repeated stimulus?

• habituation

• classical conditioning

• operant conditioning

• observational learning

What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment?

• Reinforcement strengthens a behavior, while punishment weakens a behavior.

• Reinforcement weakens a behavior, while punishment strengthens a behavior.

• Reinforcement and punishment have the same effect on behavior.

What is negative reinforcement?

• The process of decreasing a behavior by adding an undesirable stimulus after the behavior occurs.

• The process of strengthening a behavior by removing an undesirable stimulus after the behavior occurs.

• The process of strengthening a behavior by adding a positive consequence or reward after the behavior occurs.

What is positive reinforcement?

• The process of strengthening a behavior by adding a positive consequence or reward after the behavior occurs.

• The process of decreasing a behavior by adding an undesirable stimulus after the behavior occurs.

• The process of removing a positive stimulus after an undesired behavior occurs.

What is negative punishment?

• The process of decreasing a behavior by adding an undesirable stimulus after the behavior occurs.

• The process of decreasing a behavior by removing a positive stimulus after the behavior occurs.

• The process of removing a positive stimulus after an undesired behavior occurs.

What is positive punishment?

• The process of decreasing a behavior by adding an undesirable stimulus after the behavior occurs.

• The process of decreasing a behavior by removing a positive stimulus after the behavior occurs.

• The process of strengthening a behavior by adding a positive consequence or reward after the behavior occurs