history and career opportunities Ch. 1

Which of the following statements best defines cosmetology?

• It is the art and science of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair and includes the study of cosmetics and their application.

• It is the medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.

• It refers to the objectives, goals, and step-by-step planning developed by cosmetic artists to mold their unique vision into a piece of art.

• It is a surgical process that involves restoring, reconstructing, or altering the human body.

Cosmetology is also referred to as __________.

• dermatology

• plastic surgery

• appearance enhancement

• cosmetic surgery

Cosmetologists should have a thorough understanding of the history of cosmetology because __________.

• they are responsible for imparting the history of beauty practices to staff members

• many older methods have evolved into techniques still used today

• they are required by the professional code of ethics to inform clients about the origins of the beauty services they are providing

• cosmetology is the chronological study of beauty practices over many centuries

Identify a true statement about the beauty practices in ancient African cultures.

• Nail colors were used to indicate social status and promote social disparity.

• The Africans were the first civilization to use essential oils from plant leaves, barks, and blossoms as perfumes.

• Braid patterns and hairstyles were used to indicate a person's tribe, age, marital status, wealth, power, and religion.

• The Africans were the first to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion.

Ancient Egyptians are credited with creating __________.

• haircolors

• nail tinting

• braiding

• kohl makeup

Early Greek sculptures depicted subjects wearing two hairstyles that have remained popular for more than a millennium. These styles are __________.

• crown braids and chignons

• Zulu knots and bobs

• cornrow braids and Bantu knots

• box braids and locs

Which of the following statements is true about beauty and grooming during the Middle Ages?

• Medieval men wore long hair combed backward.

• Medieval women desired brown hair because angels were often depicted as brunette.

• Women of wealth wore splendid headwear and a variety of hairstyles.

• Male nobility often wore short hair with a side part.

Identify an accurate statement about the innovation in beauty and medicine that was introduced by a Persian alchemist named Avicenna around 1000 CE.

• He refined the steam distillation process, ushering in the modern era of steam-distilled essential oils used today.

• He invented the metal hot comb to temporarily straighten curly hair.

• He created the first electromagnetic clipper.

• He founded a beauty company called Wella Professionals, which is the longest-lived professional beauty product company still in operation today.

Which of the following modern beauty practices originated in the Renaissance period (1450–1837)?

• victory rolls

• bobs

• the VanDyke beard

• the Fu Manchu moustache

In the early twentieth century, American beauty applications began to follow trends set by __________.

• ancient Greek and Roman civilizations

• women in the Victorian Age

• celebrities and society figures

• working-class women