Evolution through Natural Selection (17.1-17.3)

Darwin developed his theory of natural selection by the studying the unique life on this chain of islands in the Pacific Ocean near South America.

• the Andouilles

• the Hawaiian Islands

• the Galapagos Islands

• the Aleutian Islands

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The finches of the Galapagos islands different in what way and for what reason?

• size of body, size of trees

• location on specific islands, amount of water

• coloration. types of predators

• beak shape, type of food available

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The difference in the physical traits of individuals within the same population is called a(n)

• change

• adoption

• species

• variation

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Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to

• being preserved as fossils.

• providing humans with food.

• surviving in the environments in which they lived.

• swimming from South America to the Galápagos Islands.

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Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

• diversity.

• evolution.

• adaptation.

• fitness.

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An inherit characteristic that increases and organism's ability to survive and reproduce is a (n)

• vestigial structure

• speciation

• analogous structure

• adaptation

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Where the better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.

• Evolution
• Natural Selection
• Extinction
• Artifical Selection

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Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?

• Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
• Because they come from dominant alleles.
• Because they come from recessive alleles.
• Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.

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An original species from which all other species evolved.

• Fossil
• Natural Selection
• Descendant
• Common Ancestor

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The illustrations are of four different Galápagos Islands finch species that Charles Darwin claimed originated from a single ancestral species. He collected and documented much data from his observations while exploring the island chain. He also included research regarding other species from this island chain which displayed the same type of divergent evolution.

Which of the following statements best explains the claim that different finch species originated from a single ancestral species?

• All recessive traits, in some of the finch populations, were eliminated over time due to the presence of dominant traits

• The finch populations exhibited different desirable traits as a result of adapting to different environmental pressures.

• The finches decreased the number of offspring produced which resulted in the presence of new genotypes.

• Individual finches acquired unique characteristics during their lifetimes and then moved to other areas.

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