the development

4. According to the passage, which statement is true?

• A. Keyhole surgery cannot be used in major operations.

• B Keyhole surgeons have to keep straight backs and should not enjoy plenty of elbowroom.

• C. The smallest robots have long been exploited in endoscopic surgery.

• D.The viewing technology that endoscopic doctors are making use of has been borrowed from the aerospace industry.

2. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?

• A. Miniature camera

• B. Stapler

• C Endoscope

• D. A human hair

10. What can we expect for future surgery?

• A. Surgery will be carried out by microrobots only.

• B. Two patients can be operated at the same time.

• C. The surgeon can operate on a patient from a distance.

• D.Keyhole surgery will become successful.

3. What does the word "conventional" mean?

• A. early.

• B. Stapler

• C. Endoscope

• D. A human hair

9. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED as one of the advantages of keyhole surgery?

• A. rarely leaving a scar

• B. making smaller incisions to perform major operations

• C.allowing surgeons to work in the dark

• D. damaging the patient far less

6. What was the main use of flexible scopes in the 1960s?

• A. to check the inside of an engine

• E. to see what is happening deep inside the human body

• C. to film, take biopsy specimens or on-the-spot analysis

• D. to transmit images onto a strategically placed TV screen

7. Compared to the original inmage, how large is the image of the operation transmitted by the camera onto a strategically placed TV screen?

• A. eight times reduced.

• C. the same

• B eight times enlarged

• D. as many times at will

5. According to the passage, Alf Cuschieri 

• A. is the father of keyhole surgery 

•  B wished that endoscopic surgery had been developed earlier

• C. is a leading technician in telesurgery 

• D. is experimenting with microrobots operated by remote control 

8. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about optical fibres?

• A. they are strands of special glass

• B. they are equipped with television cameras

• C. they are as thin as a human hair

• D. they can carry light into an area of the body

What is the main topic of the passage?

• A. How to operate an endoscope

• B. Different uses of optical fibres

• C. Robots used in medicine in the future

• D. How surgery can benefit from new technology