Topic 17

An absolute monarch is a ruler who

• is elected by the people.
• uses power for selfish reasons.
• has complete power over people's lives.
• shares power with religious leaders.

During his reign Charles V of Spain engaged in wars to

• defend Catholicism
• defeat the Aztec empire
• gain control over the Hapsburg empire
• unite Spain under a single ruler

To end the conflict between French Catholics and Protestants, Henry IV

• gave Huguenots more political power
• became a Catholic
• became an absolute monarch
• issued an order against Protestants

Cardinal Richelieu strengthened France's government by

• building the palace of Versailles
• increasing the power of nobles and Huguenots
• raising taxes to build up the military
• promoting equality for Protestants

Divine right refers to the belief that

• monarchs received the right to rule from God
• people had the right to choose their own religion
• religious leaders should control the government
• monarchs should be looked on as gods

Why did Peter the Great visit Western Europe?

• to get ideas for modernizing Russia
• to make plans for an invasion of Europe
• to form alliances with Western powers
• to establish trading ties with other nations

Catherine the Great was similar to Peter the Great because she wanted to

• strengthen the power of the boyars
• improve life for peasants
• build a new capital city
• expand Russian territory

What was one way that Maria Theresa reformed Austria?

• She had nobles and clergy pay taxes
• She promoted religious toleration
• She outlawed serfdom
• She reorganized the Austrian army

As ruler of Prussia, Frederick II gained a reputation as

• an opponent of reform
• a weak monarch
• a skilled military leader
• a defender of Catholicism

What was the result of the conflict over Poland?

• Russia declared war on Austria and Prussia
• Russia, Austria, and Prussia partitioned Poland
• Russia gained access to a port on the Black Sea
• Poland gained its independence