HOW WAS INDUSTRIALIZATION CHANGING DAILY LIFE?

a process in which machines replace manual labour as the dominant method of production ____________________________

The period from ​ (a)   was significant in the history of ​ (b)   in Canada.

​ (c)   is a process in which technology and machinery replace the bulk of traditional manual labour tasks. Before industrialization, people had produced goods by hand.

New farm machines that were available in the late ​ (d)   were usually too expensive for people living on small, family-run farms to buy.

Montréal was the largest city in Canada in ​ (e)   , with a population of 267 730. Toronto’s population was close behind, with 208 040 people. Within 10 years, the population of Montréal increased dramatically to 490 504.

• 1890 to 1905
• industrialization
• Industrialization
• 1800s
• 1901

The following picture shows the city of (a)   in 1898.

The following picture expresses this from 1891 to 1911.

• Rural and Urban provinces in Canada

• Canadian population trends

• Increase of factories in Canada

• Increase of agricultural production in Canada

Owners of large farms could afford to buy new ​ (a)   that would enable them to work more land.

Since owners of smaller farms could not afford the new machinery, they could not compete and struggled financially. In an attempt to improve their financial situation, many moved to ​ (b)   to find work.

This trend of moving away from the ​ (c)   occurred across Canada.

Before the 1850s, most new immigrants began their lives in Canada as ​ (d)   .

During the​ (e)   period, some immigrants still sought land to farm, especially in the Prairies. Many, however, moved to industrial cities to find work in manufacturing or service industries (such as working in shops or restaurants).

• machines
• cities
• countryside
• farmers
• industrialization

“[Griffintown] is thickly sprinkled with [industrial chimneys] and the air hangs heavy with their smoke ​ [the plumbing] is a disgrace to any nineteenth century city on this or any other continent. I presume there is hardly a house in all the [wealthy neighbourhood] without modern plumbing In Griffintown only one home in four is suitably equipped.” was a quote by​ ​ ​​ (a)  

• Herbert Brown Ames
• Donald Luxton
• John Alexander Macdonald
• none of the other choices

In factory areas such as Griffintown in ​ (a)   and the Distillery District in ​ (b)   , workers lived in crowded housing near the factory buildings.

Gas-powered automobiles like the ​ (c)   were available for purchase by the early 1900s, but very few people could afford to buy one.

​ (d)   were an important method of transportation in the 1890s, and they grew in popularity as ​ (e)   technology improved.

• Montréal
• Toronto
• LeRoy
• Bicycles
• bicycle

“Farming districts are becoming depopulated in many places, and both young men and young women would almost do anything rather than stay on the farm. It is well known that the greater number of those who abandon the land do not better their condition. But the failure of so many who leave the farms to seek their fortunes does not act as a warning to the young people of the rural districts [the countryside]. They are becoming more and more impatient [with] what they consider the dull life and the hard work of the farm, and are continually on the look out for some opening in the cities of their own or other countries.” was a quote by...

(a)  

Problems associated with immigration, industrialization, and urbanization were becoming more apparent. There was a growing sense that schools were needed to educate all children to meet the challenges of adulthood. Like today, in the late ​ (a)   provincial governments controlled education.

For example, in ​ (b)   , the Ontario government made it mandatory for children to attend elementary school for a few months a year. By ​ (c)   , elementary school was mandatory in all provinces except for Québec. Despite the new laws, only the children of wealthy families were able to attend school for long periods of time. In ​ (d)   , ​ (e)   percent of Canadian children aged 5 to 9, and 50 percent of children aged 10 to 19, were attending school.

• 1800s
• 1871
• 1900
• 1911
• 40

This 1905 photo shows a boy selling newspapers in the city of (a)