Ch 4 - States of Consciousness

Maria is reading a difficult-to-read article about consciousness, and she finds it hard to understand. As a result, she begins to doubt the accuracy of the information in the article. How does the metacognitive experience of difficulty in reading impact Maria's thoughts about the article?

• It makes her more likely to believe that the information is accurate.

• It has no impact on her thoughts about the accuracy of the information.

• It makes her less likely to believe that the information is accurate.

• It causes her to stop reading the article altogether.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between consciousness, awareness, and arousal?

• Consciousness is synonymous with awareness, and both are separate from arousal.

• Awareness and arousal are separate components of consciousness, but they do not interact with each other.

• Consciousness is the combination of awareness and arousal, with both components necessary for consciousness to exist.

• Arousal is synonymous with awareness, and both are separate from consciousness.

Which part of the brain is associated with the feeling of awareness in consciousness?

• The cerebellum

• The reticular activating system

• The prefrontal cortex

• The occipital lobe

In a false belief task, a child is asked to consider a situation where Anna has some chocolate that she saves for later and puts it in the blue cupboard. While Anna is gone, her mother moves the chocolate to the red cupboard. What is the correct answer that a four-year-old child with theory of mind would give?

• Anna will look for her chocolate in the red cupboard.

• Anna will look for her chocolate in the blue cupboard.

• Anna will ask her mother where the chocolate is.

• Anna will forget about the chocolate and go outside to play.

In a false belief task, a child is asked to consider the following situation: Anna has some chocolate that she decides to save for later. She puts it in a blue cupboard and goes outside to play. While Anna is gone, her mother moves the chocolate to the red cupboard. When Anna comes back in, where will she look for her chocolate? Which of the following is true about the child who correctly answers this question?

• They are likely to have a theory of mind deficit.

• They are more likely to have social difficulties.

• They are better liked by their peers and are more likely to behave kindly.

• They are more likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.

Which of the following statements best describes controlled processes?

• They require selective attention and executive function.

• They are faster than automatic processes.

• They do not require any effort or attention.

• They are linked to the functioning of the brain's occipital lobe.

Which of the following is an example of a lower-level consciousness?

• Solving a complex math problem

• Texting while talking to a friend without paying much attention to the phone

• Planning a trip to a foreign country

• Focusing on reading a book without any distractions

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of incubation?

• Jack is trying to solve a math problem but takes a break to watch TV, then suddenly remembers the solution.

• Sarah is daydreaming during her math class and comes up with the solution to a problem she was working on earlier that morning.

• Alex spends several hours working on a project but is unable to solve a particular issue. Later that day, while taking a shower, the solution suddenly comes to mind.

• Emily spends hours studying for a test but still struggles to remember certain facts. During the test, however, the answers come to her effortlessly.

Which brain structure is responsible for synchronizing the body's biological rhythms with the daily cycle of light and dark?

• Hypothalamus

• Reticular Formation

• Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

• Amygdala

You have been working as a day-shift employee for the past year, but due to a company restructuring, you have been moved to the night-shift. As a result, you are having trouble adjusting to the new schedule and are experiencing difficulties sleeping during the day. How can a change in work schedule affect a person's circadian rhythm and what are the potential consequences?

• It can cause a shift in the timing of biological processes, leading to sleep disturbances, fatigue, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

• It can cause an increase in the release of cortisol, which can lead to weight gain and diabetes.

• It can cause a decrease in the production of melatonin, which can lead to depression and anxiety.

• It can cause an increase in the production of serotonin, which can lead to insomnia and other sleep disorders.