Final ALA

Tex cycles for an hour and 20 minutes at 18 mph. Which was his primary energy system during the last 30 minutes?

• ATP-PCR

• Oxidative system

• Quick energy phosphorylation

• Anaerobic glycolysis

When the skeletal muscle pump increases…

• CO₂ production decreases

• O₂ demand increases

• SNS activity decreases

• Force of contraction decreases

• Venoconstriction and blood pressure increases

Mandy completes a half-marathon in 1 hour and 50 minutes. She drank water and consumed a CHO supplement throughout the race. Assuming she consumed an adequate amount of glucose, which of the following processes would we expect to not be contributing the majority of her glucose to make ATP?

• Oxidative phosphorylation

• Lipolysis

• Gluconeogenesis

• Glucogenesis

• Glycogenolysis

Using the above example with Mandy, which of the following are incorrect statements? Assume Mandy is an elite runner and spent most of the race in a steady state energy system.

• Most of the energy was being made in the cytoplasm throughout the race

• NADH+H+ were mainly being recycled using the H+ shuttle

• On average, her VCO₂ production is lower than her VO₂ consumption = a lower RQ

• There were high levels of PFK activity in her leg muscles cytoplasm

• Her lower body primarily consists of type IIx muscle fibers

When initiating exercise, which of the following are responsible for an increase in HR?

• Increase in SNS output

• Increase in PNS output

• Decrease in Vagus nerve activity

• Increase in endocrine response (Epi and Norepi)

• Increase in release of ACH to hyperpolarize cell

A low stroke volume and high end-systolic volume from atrial diastole indicates a fit heart.

• True

• False

A sedentary individual completes 1 year of aerobic and resistance training of moderate-high intensity. What physiological changes can be expect to occur over time?

• Decrease in size of myocardium

• Increase in VO_2max

• Increase in lactate threshold

• Mitochondria in the muscle cells will decrease in size and number

• Increase usage of beta-oxidation while at moderate intensity

Exercise causes a physiological threat to homeostasis because of the stress that it places on the body.

• True

• False