skeletal system quiz

what is the diaphysis?

• a layer of cartilage on the ends of the bone

• central, hollow portion filled with bone marrow

• distal end of the bone

• hollow cylinder of compact bone

Answer explanation

what is the periostenum?

• a dense, fibrous membrane that covers diaphysis and ensures strong connection

• a connective tissue - like membrane that lines the inside of the bone cavity

• covers the epiphysis and ensures movement within a joint

• produce chondrocytes and aid in bone formation

what is hyaline / articular cartilage?

• hard cartilage that weakens with age due to the aging process

• forms a sheath around bones to provide structural integrity

• cushions bones and absorbs force and impact

• lines the ends of bones to ensure movement within a joint

Answer explanation

what is intramembranous ossification?

• when bones develop from sheaths of connective tissue

• bones develop from a pre-existing model

• when calcium salts and collagen are deposited and bones are calcified / hardened

• when the bone cavity is filled with blood and stem cells

what is endochrondrial ossification?

• osteoclasts progressively replace cartilage cells and form a layer of bone

• bones develop from a cartilage model

• ostoblasts progressively replace cartilage cells, forming a layer of bone

• when blood vessles penetrate the cartilage and ossification occurs from the centre to outwards

what are chondrocytes?

• found in the ends of long bones, consisting of a spacious lattice work of trabeculae

• bone "breakers", dissolve bone and absorb calcium

• bone "builders" cells, calcifies phosphate matric

• cartilage forming cells

what is compact osseous tissue?

• desnse tissue that fills the center of bones to give them strength

• dense tissue that froms the ends of long bones

• dense tissue that forms capsules only

• dense tissue that forms shafts of bones and bone surfaces

what hormone controls osteoclasts (bone "breakers)?

• parathyroid hormone

• renin

• thyroid stimulating hormone

• erythropoietin

what strength / force are bones resistant to?

• bending

• compression

• torsion

• tensile

Answer explanation

bones cannot endure much twisting force

what is the transverse process of a vertebrae?

• attatchment point for muscle

• bumps that project from the vertebrae

• weight bearing structure

• the opening that allows passage of the spinal cord