AP Psych Unit 5: States of Conciousness

During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Alicia is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?

• Sleep apnea

• Narcolepsy

• Insomnia

• Night terrors

• The REM rebound effect

In adult humans, which of the following is typically true of REM sleep?

• It is correlated with dreaming.

• It leads to a marked increase in muscle tone.

• It alternates with NREM sleep in 30-minute cycles.

• It occurs during the first half of an individual’s sleep cycle.

• It involves decreased blood pressure and heart rate.

Sara had an argument with her coworker, Adam. That night, Sara had a dream that she was shopping at a mall and Adam was in every store in which she shopped. A psychoanalyst would say that Adam’s being at the mall in her dream was an example of which of the following?

• The manifest content

• The latent content

• Memory consolidation

• Repression

• A hypnagogic hallucination

Jeff lives in the United States, and he recently flew to Spain. Even after sleeping for several hours on the flight, he still felt lethargic for a few days. If Jeff has not caught an illness, which of the following is the most likely explanation for his physical response?

• His circadian rhythm has been disrupted.

• His stages of sleep are out of order.

• His delta waves have lost significant amplitude.

• He has narcolepsy.

• He is experiencing REM rebound.

The drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters in the synapse during neural transmission are

• SSRIs

• benzodiazepines

• antipsychotics

• antihistamines

• stimulants

The biological clock that operates in human beings to adjust their functioning to night-and-day periodicity is referred to as

• spontaneous neural activity

• the biofeedback monitor

• a fixed-interval schedule

• a circadian rhythm

• active consciousness

Sigmund Freud believed that dream analysis was a useful device for

• decreasing repression

• sublimating the id

• strengthening the superego

• displacing instinctual forces

• gaining insight into unconscious motives

Rafael has a sleep disorder for which he takes medically prescribed amphetamines. For which of the following sleep disorders is Rafael most likely being treated?

• Sleep apnea

• Narcolepsy

• Insomnia

• Circadian rhythm sleep disorder

• Somnambulism

Which of the following groups of characteristics best describes the REM sleep stage?

• Fast breathing, relatively high heart rate, relatively high blood pressure

• Possible muscle contractions and sensations of falling

• Likelihood of sleepwalking and sleep talking

• Slow breathing, low heart rate, low blood pressure

• Acting out dreams and bed-wetting

Sally says that her dream about going to a circus is just her brain attempting to make sense of random stimulation from the brain stem. Sally’s explanation is consistent with which of the following theories of dreaming?

• Housekeeping

• Feedback deprivation

• Wish fulfillment

• Cognitive problem-solving

• Activation-synthesis