Grade 8: Nature of Science

Scientists throughout the world follow a standard used to guide scientific investigations from beginning to end. What scientific term is used to describe this universal scientific practice?

• Conclusion

• Metric System

• Materials List

• Scientific Method

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Craig's science lab teacher instructed him to follow these procedures:

Step 1: Collect alfalfa seeds

Step 2: Place 12 alfalfa seeds in three different potting soils

Step 3: Provide them each with the same amount of sunlight and water

Step 4: Record observations

Which of the following statements is Craig MOST LIKELY testing?

• The effect of potting soil on the germination of alfalfa seeds

• The effect of sunlight on the growth rate of alfalfa seeds

• The variant amount of water on the growth of alfalfa seeds

• The growth rate of different type of alfalfa seeds

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David wants to find out how table salt affects the temperature of boiling water. He believes that adding table salt to boiling water will cause the water to boil at a higher temperature. He measured the temperature of the boiling water before and after adding salt. He got the following results. What is the independent variable in this experiment.

• Amount of water

• Amount of salt

• Temperature of the boiling water

• All of the above

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John wants to prove that the bean plant that receives fertilizer will grow faster than a plant that does not receive fertilizer. He conducted an experiment and collected the following results. What is the conclusion from this experiment?

• Adding fertilizer to the plant doesn't affect its growth

• Nothing concluded from this experiment

• Adding fertilizer to the plant increases its growth

• Adding fertilizer to the plant decreases its growth

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As Julie prepared to place all of her written parts on her science board, she noticed that one of the parts was not labeled. Julie could not use her science fair packet to determine where is belonged in the experiment because she left the packet on her desk at school. Julie then decides to call a classmate from school and read her the unlabeled part to see if she could help. What should Julie's classmate tell her about the unlabeled part?

• The unlabeled part must by the conclusion

• The unlabeled part has to be part of the materials

• The unlabeled part is the results from the experiment

• The unlabeled part is the hypothesis

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What is the difference between replication and repetition of an experiment?

• Replication means performing multiple trials for the same experiment

• Repetition is the same as replication

• Repetition is done by others for the same experiment

• Replication means researchers must be able to carry out the exact same procedure and the the exact same results

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Scientists know that other scientific investigators must be able to perform the same experiment exactly, under the same conditions, and generate the same results. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY being represented in the diagram above?

• Repetition

• Replication

• Replication & Repetition

• Neither Replication or Repetition

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Why must scientific investigations be replicable?

• To prove validity within the scientific community

• To improve the investigation each time

• To prove the reliability of the results

• To confirm ideas and theories

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Seth designed an experiment to see if butterflies were attracted to a particular color for feeding. He used four different colored sponges, which he soaked with a nectar like substance to attract the butterflies. Seth made the following observations for three hours. What is MOST LIKELY one of Seth's reason's for publishing his findings/

• To present significant results of one finding which shows repeatability

• To show the randomization of the same groups as indicated in the table

• To demonstrate that all of the results obtained meet all of the requirements of the scientific research method

• To present significant results of more than one finding which shows repeatability

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This figure shows an illustration of a repeated experiment done by a sixth grade student. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY the cause for disapproval by the scientific community?

• The experiment does not show validity

• The experiment does not show reliability

• The experiment does not show reliability or validity

• The experiment is both valid and reliable

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