14. ENERGY AND MATTER IN ECOSYSTEMS JEDI TRAINING

The carbon cycle is the continual transfer of carbon atoms in nature. The cycling of carbon is important because it is the building block of life.

Label each process in the carbon cycle diagram

g

h

i

j

f

e

d

c

Cellular Respiration by Plants

Decay

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration by Animals

Diffusion

Combustion

Cellular Respiration by Decomposers

Evaporation

Consumption (Food Chains)

Transpiration

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The carbon cycle is the continual transfer of carbon atoms in nature. Match the process in the diagram with their role in the carbon cycle.

• D + G + J

• Energetic process in which photosynthetic organisms absorb carbon dioxide to make carbon-containing carbohydrates.

• E + F

• Energetic process in where animals, plants, and bacteria break down carbon-containing molecules and return carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

• N

• Carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere during the burning of carbon-containing materials.

• B

• Carbon-containing molecules are transferred from prey to predator during consumption.

• H

• When an organism dies, decomposers return some carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

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The hydrologic (water) cycle is the circular pathway of water on Earth from the atmosphere, to the surface, below ground, and back.

Label the water cycle diagram with the correct processes.

d

e

f

g

h

i

evaporation

combustion

condensation

precipitation

infiltration or percolation

photosynthesis

transpiration

runoff

cellular respiration

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The hydrologic (water) cycle is the circular pathway of water on Earth from the atmosphere, to the surface, below ground, and back.

Match the process in the water cycle with is function.

• E

• Process in which rain, sleet, snow, or hail falls from the sky.

• C

• Process in which liquid water changes into water vapor.

• D

• Process in which water is taken through a plant’s roots and evaporates from the plants leaves.

• A + G

• Water that runs on the ground into lakes, rivers, and streams.

• B

• Process in which water vapor turn into liquid water. Creates clouds, fog, dew.

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A food pyramid is shown to represent the transfer of energy in a food chain. Label the amount of energy available to each trophic level if producers have 10,000 kJ of energy.

e

g

f

9000 kJ

100,000 kJ

900 kJ

9 kJ

1 kJ

100 kJ

10 kJ

1,000 kJ

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A food web is a model that shows the complex network of feeding relationships and the flow of energy within and sometimes beyond an ecosystem.

Label the roles that each organism plays in this forest food web

e

d

c

b

a

producer

secondary consumer

primary consumer

tertiary consumer

decomposer

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A food chain is a model that shows a sequence of feeding relationships between a producer ( (a)   ), and consumers (​ (b)   ).  There are several types of consumers. ​ (c)   eat only plants. ​ (d)   eat other animals. Omnivores eat both plants and animals. ​ (e)   are detritivores that break down organic matter into simpler compounds meaning they recycle matter.

• autotrophs
• heterotrophs
• Herbivores
• Carnivores
• Decomposers

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In the ecological pyramid circle every word that applies, or describes each trophic level.

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Plants, algae, or bacteria that produce their own food via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. ​ (a)  

Plant eating organisms or herbivores. ​ (b)  

Carnivores that eat herbivores. ​ (c)  

Carnivores which eat other carnivores. ​ (d)  

Organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that break down organic material. ​ (e)  

• Producer
• Primary Consumer
• Secondary Consumer
• Tertiary Consumer
• Decomposer

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The diagram shows a partial food web. Food webs such as the one shown were first used in 1927 by the animal ecologist Charles Elton.

 Which of the following transfers is the MOST ENERGY EFFICIENT for the hawk?

• grass → grasshopper → frogs → snake → hawks

• shrubs → mice → hawks

• shrubs → mice → snake → hawks

• grass → grasshopper → snake → hawk

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