EOG Review

Located in Agra, India, The Taj Mahal was built in 1628 by Shah Jahan, the leader of the Mughal dynasty. Shah Jahan was inspired to build the Taj Mahal following the death of one of his wives, Mumtaz Mahal. Shah Jahan wanted to make a beautiful burial tomb for his late wife that would serve as a comfortable final resting place. And he certainly did. The Taj Mahal is one of the most impressive architectural structures in the world. In fact, it has been named one of the Seven Wonders of the World, along with sites like the Colosseum and the Great Wall of China.

There are multiple reasons why the Taj Mahal is so famous and attracts an estimated 7 to 8 million people per year. The first, and arguably biggest reason, is what it stands for. As a tangible representation, a symbol, of the Shah’s mourning for his wife, the Taj has become associated with the idea of enduring love.

The second reason for the structure's fame is that, from a purely aesthetic standpoint, the Taj Mahal is absolutely breathtaking in its scale and design. Its exterior is made of white marble and is intricately decorated with verses from the Quran, as well as with gemstones and carvings of flowers.

The third reason is its inventive relationship with symmetry. Not only is the building complex symmetrical, with every structure on the right side repeated on the left side, but the building itself is reflected in the long strip of water in front of the Taj Mahal.

Regardless of the reasons for its fame, the Taj Mahal is undoubtedly one of the most stunning and recognizable structures in the world.

What is the central idea of the text?

• The Taj Mahal is one of the strongest architectural structures in India built by Mumtaz Mahal and is recognized for its gemstones, carvings of horses, and beautiful location.

• The Taj Mahal was built to be very symmetrical, so the left side of the building has structures that are repeated exactly on the right side of the building

• Shah Jahan was the leader of the Mughal dynasty in India in the 1600, and he was married to a woman named Mumtaz Mahal.

• The Taj Mahal is an impressive architectural structure in India built by Shah Jahan as a sign of his love for his wife, and is known for its intricate designs and symmetry.

Located in Agra, India, The Taj Mahal was built in 1628 by Shah Jahan, the leader of the Mughal dynasty. Shah Jahan was inspired to build the Taj Mahal following the death of one of his wives, Mumtaz Mahal. Shah Jahan wanted to make a beautiful burial tomb for his late wife that would serve as a comfortable final resting place. And he certainly did. The Taj Mahal is one of the most impressive architectural structures in the world. In fact, it has been named one of the Seven Wonders of the World, along with sites like the Colosseum and the Great Wall of China.

There are multiple reasons why the Taj Mahal is so famous and attracts an estimated 7 to 8 million people per year. The first, and arguably biggest reason, is what it stands for. As a tangible representation, a symbol, of the Shah’s mourning for his wife, the Taj has become associated with the idea of enduring love.

The second reason for the structure's fame is that, from a purely aesthetic standpoint, the Taj Mahal is absolutely breathtaking in its scale and design. Its exterior is made of white marble and is intricately decorated with verses from the Quran, as well as with gemstones and carvings of flowers.

The third reason is its inventive relationship with symmetry. Not only is the building complex symmetrical, with every structure on the right side repeated on the left side, but the building itself is reflected in the long strip of water in front of the Taj Mahal.

Regardless of the reasons for its fame, the Taj Mahal is undoubtedly one of the most stunning and recognizable structures in the world.

It took a lot of energy and craftmanship to build the Taj Mahal. What evidence from the text supports this claim?

• "In fact, it has been named one of the Seven Wonders of the World, along with sites like the Colosseum and the Great Wall of China."

• "There are multiple reasons why the Taj Mahal is so famous and attracts an estimated 7 to 8 million people per year."

• "Its exterior is made of white marble and is intricately decorated with verses from the Quran, as well as with gemstones and carvings of flowers."

• "Located in Agra, India, The Taj Mahal was built in 1628 by Shah Jahan, the leader of the Mughal dynasty."

Have you eaten delicious food at a food truck recently? If so, you might want to thank Roy Choi for that! Roy Choi is a Korean American chef who is one of the founders of the gourmet food truck trend that gained popularity by the early 2010s. He believes food does not have to be fancy (or stationary!) to be delicious.

Choi continues to encourage other chefs to create their own food trucks. It is a cheaper way for new chefs to get their food out on the streets! Now, food trucks are greatly respected in the restaurant community, largely thanks to the creativity of Roy Choi.

What does stationary mean?

• immobile

• salty

• roaming

• noteworthy

Choi was born in South Korea, but grew up in Los Angeles. Growing up in diverse neighborhoods, he was exposed to many different food cultures. His family moved a lot and started many businesses. One of these businesses was the Silver Garden, a Korean restaurant his family owned for three years. His mother was a great cook who sold her delicious kimchi to people in their community. Kimchi is a Korean dish that is often spicy. The main ingredient is a kind of pickled vegetable, commonly cabbage. One of Roy Choi’s favorite memories was making dumplings at his parents’ restaurant at eight years old. As Choi was growing up, he also spent a lot of time with his Latino friends and learned about their food cultures.

When he was 24, Choi decided to go to the Culinary Institute of America in New York. He loved the structure and creativity of cooking. After graduating, Choi began working in high-end restaurants. Over the next six years, Choi moved up in the restaurant world. Everything was looking up until Choi was fired from a restaurant. He had a difficult time with the restaurant’s huge menu and fast pace. He tried to find a job at another restaurant. No one was hiring, and he felt like a failure.

One day, Choi’s friend Mark Manguera was eating Mexican food and thought, Why hasn’t anyone tried to combine Korean and Mexican food? He called up Roy Choi, and they decided to try to open a restaurant with these two styles and flavors fused together. Choi tested some combinations of ingredients in Manguera’s kitchen. He poured his heart into it. When he finished, they both tried the taco and immediately knew they had something special.

What does it mean to pour your heart into something?

• to be lackadaisical

• to try your absolute best

• to lose your heart

• to give up

Choi and Manguera wanted to get the Korean taco to customers, but it was an especially difficult time to open a restaurant. It was 2008, and the economy had collapsed, making it almost impossible to get a small business loan to start a restaurant. But Choi and Manguera would not be stopped. Instead, they decided to sell their Korean barbecue tacos out of a catering truck. They called the food truck “Kogi.” People loved the flavorful food, and Choi used social media to let his fans know where the truck would be each day. Hundreds of people began flocking to the truck to get cheap, delicious Korean tacos.

Today, Roy Choi runs several restaurants in Los Angeles. He finds inspiration in many different food cultures. A few years after starting Kogi, Choi opened a restaurant called “Sunny Spot,” serving Caribbean-inspired dishes.

What conclusion can you make based on this information?

• It was cheaper for Choi and Manguera to open a food truck than it would have been to open a restaurant.

• It was more expensive for Choi and Manguera to open a food truck than it would have been to open a restaurant.

• Manguera and Choi raised money to start their restaurant by buying old cars and redmodeling them to resell.

• Choi had enough money saved to open a restaurant without having to apply for a small business loan for it.

Have you eaten delicious food at a food truck recently? If so, you might want to thank Roy Choi for that! Roy Choi is a Korean American chef who is one of the founders of the gourmet food truck trend that gained popularity by the early 2010s. He believes food does not have to be fancy (or stationary!) to be delicious.

Choi was born in South Korea, but grew up in Los Angeles. Growing up in diverse neighborhoods, he was exposed to many different food cultures. His family moved a lot and started many businesses. One of these businesses was the Silver Garden, a Korean restaurant his family owned for three years. His mother was a great cook who sold her delicious kimchi to people in their community. Kimchi is a Korean dish that is often spicy. The main ingredient is a kind of pickled vegetable, commonly cabbage. One of Roy Choi’s favorite memories was making dumplings at his parents’ restaurant at eight years old. As Choi was growing up, he also spent a lot of time with his Latino friends and learned about their food cultures.

When he was 24, Choi decided to go to the Culinary Institute of America in New York. He loved the structure and creativity of cooking. After graduating, Choi began working in high-end restaurants. Over the next six years, Choi moved up in the restaurant world. Everything was looking up until Choi was fired from a restaurant. He had a difficult time with the restaurant’s huge menu and fast pace. He tried to find a job at another restaurant. No one was hiring, and he felt like a failure.

One day, Choi’s friend Mark Manguera was eating Mexican food and thought, Why hasn’t anyone tried to combine Korean and Mexican food? He called up Roy Choi, and they decided to try to open a restaurant with these two styles and flavors fused together. Choi tested some combinations of ingredients in Manguera’s kitchen. He poured his heart into it. When he finished, they both tried the taco and immediately knew they had something special.

Choi and Manguera wanted to get the Korean taco to customers, but it was an especially difficult time to open a restaurant. It was 2008, and the economy had collapsed, making it almost impossible to get a small business loan to start a restaurant. But Choi and Manguera would not be stopped. Instead, they decided to sell their Korean barbecue tacos out of a catering truck. They called the food truck “Kogi.” People loved the flavorful food, and Choi used social media to let his fans know where the truck would be each day. Hundreds of people began flocking to the truck to get cheap, delicious Korean tacos.

Today, Roy Choi runs several restaurants in Los Angeles. He finds inspiration in many different food cultures. A few years after starting Kogi, Choi opened a restaurant called “Sunny Spot,” serving Caribbean-inspired dishes. Choi continues to encourage other chefs to create their own food trucks. It is a cheaper way for new chefs to get their food out on the streets! Now, food trucks are greatly respected in the restaurant community, largely thanks to the creativity of Roy Choi.

What is a summary of this text?

• Chef Roy Choi got the idea for his gourmet food truck, Kogi, while on the phone with his friend and collaborator, Mark Manguera, who asked Choi why no one had ever combined Korean and Mexican foods.

• Chef Roy Choi was born in South Korea, but moved to Los Angeles, California when he was young and grew up in a diverse neighborhood, learning about the food cultures of his friends.

• Chef Roy Choi’s new restaurant, Sunny Spot, is inspired by Caribbean cuisine, continuing his work as a chef who is inspired by many different food cultures.

• Korean American chef Roy Choi blended Mexican and Korean food cultures to create a popular food truck, launching his career as a successful chef who works with many different food cultures.

Eugenie Clark, famously known as ‘The Shark Lady,’ was a Japanese American fish biologist who was born in 1922. When Clark was young, she loved spending time at the aquarium watching sharks swim. Some people see sharks as scary. Clark wanted to learn more about them. She also wanted to prove to people that these animals should not be feared. She turned this childhood dream into a successful career as a fish biologist. Fish biologists (or fish scientists) are called ichthyologists.

Clark began scuba diving to find out more about sharks and other fish. One of her most important discoveries was finding sleeping sharks in Mexico. Before this discovery, biologists thought sharks had to continue moving in order to get enough oxygen, but Clark found sharks that were completely still while they were sleeping. This was an important contribution to shark research.

She made another important discovery when she scuba dove in the Red Sea, a body of water located between Asia and Africa. On these dives, Clark discovered several fish species. One of these fish species was a flatfish called Moses sole. This fish has a natural shark repellent. When a Moses sole feels threatened by a shark, it releases a toxic substance that causes the shark to retreat.

In 1955, Clark moved to Florida and founded the Cape Haze Marine Laboratory. This laboratory focuses on sharks, restoring coral reefs, and other marine research. She spent her career teaching the general public about the importance of protecting oceans and saving marine life. After she became a professor at the University of Maryland, she still kept her sense of adventure and her commitment to conserving ocean environments. Even at 92, she was still diving and exploring the ocean. Her legacy lives on through her books and her research in marine biology.

What does repellent mean?

• attract

• spray

• disgust

• deter

Eugenie Clark, famously known as ‘The Shark Lady,’ was a Japanese American fish biologist who was born in 1922. When Clark was young, she loved spending time at the aquarium watching sharks swim. Some people see sharks as scary. Clark wanted to learn more about them. She also wanted to prove to people that these animals should not be feared. She turned this childhood dream into a successful career as a fish biologist. Fish biologists (or fish scientists) are called ichthyologists.

Clark began scuba diving to find out more about sharks and other fish. One of her most important discoveries was finding sleeping sharks in Mexico. Before this discovery, biologists thought sharks had to continue moving in order to get enough oxygen, but Clark found sharks that were completely still while they were sleeping. This was an important contribution to shark research.

She made another important discovery when she scuba dove in the Red Sea, a body of water located between Asia and Africa. On these dives, Clark discovered several fish species. One of these fish species was a flatfish called Moses sole. This fish has a natural shark repellent. When a Moses sole feels threatened by a shark, it releases a toxic substance that causes the shark to retreat.

In 1955, Clark moved to Florida and founded the Cape Haze Marine Laboratory. This laboratory focuses on sharks, restoring coral reefs, and other marine research. She spent her career teaching the general public about the importance of protecting oceans and saving marine life. After she became a professor at the University of Maryland, she still kept her sense of adventure and her commitment to conserving ocean environments. Even at 92, she was still diving and exploring the ocean. Her legacy lives on through her books and her research in marine biology.

Clark changed scientists’ understanding of sharks with her research.

What evidence from the text supports this claim?

• “Before this discovery, biologists thought sharks had to continue moving in order to get enough oxygen, but Clark found sharks that were completely still while they were sleeping.”

• “In 1955, Clark moved to Florida and founded the Cape Haze Marine Laboratory. This laboratory focuses on sharks, restoring coral reefs, and other marine research.”

• “She turned this childhood dream into a successful career as a fish biologist. Fish biologists (or fish scientists) are called ichthyologists.”

• “When Clark was young, she loved spending time at the aquarium watching sharks swim. Some people see sharks as scary. Clark wanted to learn more about them.”

Surfing has existed in many forms for several centuries in places like West Africa and Peru. But the origins of the most popular form of modern surfing originated in Ancient Polynesia. Cave paintings from the 12th century show Polynesians riding waves. The first Polynesians arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in the 4th century. They brought with them their deep knowledge of the ocean as well as the sport of surfing. Surfing has been a major part of Polynesian and Hawaiian culture for thousands of years.

In Hawaii, surfing has always been more than a sport. In its earliest days in the islands, it was a cultural and spiritual activity. Hawaiians called surfing he’e nalu, which means “wave sliding.” They followed an ancient code of rules and laws called Kapu. The Kapu system controlled religion, politics, lifestyle, and surfing customs. For example, before selecting a tree to carve to create a surfboard, Hawaiians would give offerings to the gods. They prayed to the kahuna, or expert priest, to give them good waves. Hawaiians even gave thanks after surviving a rough wipeout in the ocean. All of these traditions were a well-established part of Hawaiian surfing culture.

Hawaiian men, women, and children of all ages and social classes surfed. Back then, Hawaiian society was split into two main social classes: the royal and the common class. Only members of the royal class could surf in certain areas with the best waves. Chieftains, the highest members of the royal class, displayed their courage, skill, and power by surfing in big waves. They rode on olo boards, which could be as long as 24 feet and were made of heavy wood. Other Hawaiians rode alaia or paipo boards. These boards were much shorter and lighter, making them easier to ride. Although the social classes in Hawaii were strictly divided, some people in the common class gained respect from the royal class by demonstrating their surfing skills. Over hundreds of years, surfing continued to flourish as an important part of Hawaiian life.

Today, there are about 35 million surfers worldwide. In 2016, the Olympic Committee decided to make surfing an Olympic sport for future Olympic Games. Surfing continues to be a popular sport in Hawaii and the rest of the world.

What does flourish mean?

• to bake

• to decrease

• to prosper

• to wave

The country of Indonesia is an archipelago, or a collection of islands. Indonesia is made up of 17,000 islands, with a coastline stretching almost 60,000 miles. It is home to 18% of the world’s coral reefs. These reefs are incredibly important to the nation. The reefs are teeming with thousands of species of fish. Fish from the reefs are an important source of animal protein for people across Indonesia. Additionally, about 12 million Indonesians are employed by the fisheries industry. Over 8.9 million tons of fish production occurs in Indonesia per year. This fish is shipped and sold all around the world. Maintaining coral reefs is critical to protecting the economy, people, and ecosystems in Indonesia.

What does teeming mean?

• overflowing

• empty

• tiny

• broken