1920s and 1930s

Match the following

• Nuremberg laws

• excluded Jews from German citizenship

• New Deal

• policy of government intervention in the U.S. economy

• depression

• a period of low economic activity and rising

  unemployment

Match the following

• Aryan

• political philosophy that favors a strong central

  government led by a dictator

• fascism

• government that seeks complete control over people’s

  lives

• totalitarian state

• term misused by Nazis to describe their supposed

  master race

Match the following

• New Economic Policy

• Lenin’s modified version of capitalism that permitted some

  private ownership

• Enabling Act

• a system in which private farms are eliminated and

  peasants work land owned by the government

• collectivization

• empowered the German government to pass laws without

  regard to the constitution

Why was the United States not a member of the League of Nations?

• The United States Senate refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles

• Other powerful nations did not want competition.

• The organization was open only to European nations.

• League members would not use force against aggression.

• The United States President refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles

Why were U.S. bank loans to Germany vital to the European economy after World War I?

• Other nations were borrowing money from Germany to rebuild.

• Germany used the loans to pay reparations to Britain and France.

• European leaders needed funds to set up stock markets in their countries.

• Businesses relied heavily on the Creditanstalt Bank in Vienna.

In explaining the causes of the Great Depression, economist John Maynard Keynes noted that

• capitalism must be reformed to save it.

• stock market gyrations caused investors to panic.

• governments should not interfere in economic affairs.

• unemployment was due to declining demand, not overproduction.

In the 1920s, the arts and sciences both exhibited a sense of

• decline.

• optimism.

• self-confidence.

• uncertainty about the future.

Under Mussolini, the Italian Fascists used propaganda to

• educate people.

• control public opinion.

• enforce government policies.

• advertise platforms of all political parties.

The purpose of Stalin’s Five-Year Plans was to

• reduce poverty and improve the standard of living.

• end famine by dramatically boosting food production.

• strengthen the Red Army so it could reclaim lost territories.

• transform the USSR from an agricultural economy into an industrial economy.

What differentiated Western authoritarian governments from totalitarian governments following World War II?

• Authoritarian governments wanted to maintain the social order, while totalitarian

  governments wanted to replace it.

• Totalitarian governments wanted to maintain the social order, while authoritarian

  governments wanted to replace it.

• Authoritarian governments relied on a strong parliamentary system, while totalitarian

  governments did not.

• Totalitarian governments relied on a strong parliamentary system, while authoritarian

  governments did not.