Final Exam in ELE34

The early stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters consonant and vowel combinations is referred to as: (a)  

• babbling
• cooing
• vegetative sounds
• protowords

________ starts to develop in the two-word stage when the child speaks like a telegram, using mostly nouns and verbs.

• telegraphic speech

• semantics

• syntax

• broken speech

Cooing is usually understood as the production of _____.

• consonant sounds

• mostly consonant sounds with a few vowels

• vowel-like sounds

• consonants and vowels

The smallest meaningful unit of language is known as a _____.

• morpheme

• phoneme

• word

• syllable

When a caregiver speaks to an infant, she does so without expecting that there will be some kind of response.

• True

• False

Researchers have noted that some mothers treat the burps or smiles of their infants as though they are intentional messages.

• True

• False

According to Hart and Risley (1995), the amount that parents speak to their children is not related to the variation in children’s IQ and language abilities.

• True

• False

Based on the Pivot-Open Grammar, the utterance 'big baby' exhibits which of the following combinations?

• Pivot open

• Open pivot

• Open Open

An example of Open Open, two word combination according to the Pivot Open Grammar would be:

• more milk

• baby happy

• car go

• car blue

Who is the father of modern linguistics?

• Ferdinand Saussure

• Noam Chomsky

• Stephen Krashen

• Stephen Chomsky