Chapter 6

The response of an organism to a stimulus that occurs without training is known as a(n)

• conditioned response

• neutral response

• unexpected response

• unconditioned response

Lucio never liked the taste of broccoli, but his mother wants him to eat more veggies. Which one of the following is the best way to classically condition Lucio to eat his broccoli?

• punish Lucio by sending him to his room without dinner until he relents and eats the broccoli

• bribe Lucio with money or a toy to convince him to eat the broccoli

• pair the broccoli with something Lucio likes, such as cheese, to entice him to try to eat it

• use guilt by telling stories about starving children elsewhere to get him to eat the broccoli

When a dog becomes less likely to respond by salivating to the bell when that bell has not been paired with food in a while, which one of these processes has begun?

• stimulus generalization

• extinction

• stimulus discrimination

• spontaneous recover

If you come home from school and find that your dog has had an accident on the floor, it is not effective to punish the dog because it may not be able to associate your anger with the accident. Too much time may have passed between the accident and the punishment. This illustrates which factor that affects classical conditioning?

• stimulus generalization

• contingency

• stimulus discrimination

• contiguity

Sometimes during extinction, a conditioned response can reappear and strengthen briefly before re-extinguishing in a process known as:

• aversion therapy

• spontaneous recovery

• stimulus discrimination

• stimulus generalization

Which type of learning happens when an organism learns from the consequences of its behavior?

• classical conditioning

• habituation

• operant conditioning

• taste aversion

Letting students play on iPads when they pass a spelling test is an example of:

• positive punishment

• negative reinforcement

• negative punishment

• positive reinforcement

George is a construction worker who is repairing a street with a jackhammer. He hammers for 30 minutes and during this time Jerry gets used to the sound in his nearby office and eventually ignores it. Which one of the following has Jerry demonstrated?

• learning

• habituation

• ignoring stimuli

• dishabituation

Goran makes himself an omelet using canned mushrooms instead of fresh ones because he is in a hurry. A few hours later, he becomes sick to his stomach and vows to never eat canned mushrooms again. This example illustrates:

• taste aversion

• stimulus generalization

• instinctive drift

• higher-order conditioning

John B. Watson conditioned an 11-month-old baby, "Little Albert," to fear rats by making a loud noise to convert the rat from a neutral stimulus into a which one of these types of stimulus?

• unconditioned

• conditioned

• expected

• recovered