Evolutionary Chapter 7

The null model for population genetics is

• Mendel’s first law.

• the Hardy–Weinberg model.

• Newton’s first law.

• biological evolution.

Which of these is a condition that must be met for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

• extremely small population size

• no natural selection

• gene flow

• nonrandom mating

In the Hardy-Weinberg Equation, p is the frequency of what?

• The recessive allele 
• the dominant allele
• the recessive genotype
• the dominant genotype

What does the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium measure?

• changes in allele frequencies
• numbers of mutations
• goodness of fit
• genetic diversity

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Consider a population that is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium at a locus with two alleles, A and a, at frequencies of p and q, respectively. Assuming the population remains in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of Aa heterozygotes after 100 generations?

• 1

• 2pq

• 0.5

• p²

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Consider a locus with two alleles, A and a. Under which of the following scenarios will the frequency of the A allele increase?

• The fitness of AA and Aa individuals is higher than the fitness of aa individuals.

• The fitness of heterozygotes is higher than the fitness of either homozygote.

• The fitness of heterozygotes is lower than the fitness of either homozygote.

• The fitness of aa individuals is higher than the fitness of Aa and AA individuals.

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The figure shows the change in allele frequencies over many generations. What most likely differs between the populations represented by the three lines?

• the strength of selection

• whether the allele is dominant or recessive

• the population size

• whether selection is frequency dependent or frequency independent

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