True value is

• Any device used to obtain measurement

• ‘Actual’ measure (unknown and unknownable) of the part. Used as the best approximation of this value.

• Value of smallest graduation on the scale

Variation can be mathematically measured by

• Single deviation

• Denominator

• Standard deviation

Bias is

• Total variation in the measurements on a single characteristic of a master/part, obtained with the same measurement system and over an extended time period

• Deviation of the average of the measurement from the true value/reference value

• Change throughout the expected operation range of the equipment

Which statement best describes reproducibility

• variation observed when same operator measures the same part repeatedly with the same device

• variation due to measuring device

• variation observed when different operators measure the same parts using the same device

Guidelines for acceptance of GR&R

• < 50%

• < 10%

• < 40%

XDIFF is the maximum average appraiser difference, this value is calculated when measuring

• Repeatability

• Linearity

• Reproducibility

A general rule of thumb is that values of kappa greater than 0.65 indicates good to excellent agreement

• False

• True

Total variation in the measurements on a single characteristic of a master/part, obtained with the same Measurement System and over an extended time period is the definition for

• Stability

• Discrimination

• Linearity

Value of smallest graduation on the scale best describes

• Bias

• Discrimination

• Measurement

Stability measurements help to

• establish whether bias exist

• establish how the instrument perform over time

• establish whether the instrument is working or not

• estabish whether the instrument is behaving linearly