Chapter 23

Chapter 23

. 1. Which of these organs is not considered an accessory digestive structure?

• 1. mouth

• 2. salivary glands

• 2. pancreas

• 2. liver

2. Which of the following organs is supported by a layer of adventitia rather than serosa?

• esophagus

• stomach

• small intestine

• large intestine

3. Which of the following membranes covers the stomach?

• falciform ligament

• mesocolon

• parietal peritoneum

• visceral peritoneum

4. Which of these processes occurs in the mouth?

• 1. ingestion

• 1. mechanical digestion

• 1. chemical digestion

• 1. all of the above

5. Which of these processes occurs throughout most of the alimentary canal?

• 1. ingestion

• propulsion

• segmentation

• absorption

6. Which of the following stimuli activates sensors in the walls of digestive organs?

• breakdown products of digestion

• distension

• pH of chyme

• all of the above

7. Which of these statements about reflexes in the GI tract is false?

• Short reflexes are provoked by nerves near the GI tract.

• 1. Short reflexes are mediated by the enteric nervous system.

• 1. Food that distends the stomach initiates long reflexes.

• 1. Long reflexes can be provoked by stimuli originating outside the GI tract.

8. Which of these ingredients in saliva is responsible for activating salivary amylase?

• mucus

• 1. phosphate ions

• 1. chloride ions

• 2. urea

9. Which of these statements about the pharynx is true?

• It extends from the nasal and oral cavities superiorly to the esophagus anteriorly.

• 1. The oropharynx is continuous superiorly with the nasopharynx.

• 1. The nasopharynx is involved in digestion.

• 1. The laryngopharynx is composed partially of cartilage.

10. Which structure is located where the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm?

• 1. esophageal hiatus

• cardiac orifice

• upper esophageal sphincter

• lower esophageal sphincter