"Evolution" -Pearl Jam

What made the peppered moth population of England go from predominately light colored to dark?

• Pollution from Industrial Revolution

• They adapted to the changing environment to camouflage better in the dark soot covering the trees to hide from predator birds.

• Nothing "MADE" them change, it just so happened the natural population of peppered moths contained a genetic variation conferring dark color and when the environment changed, this new variant proved more successful. Thus the dark colored moth variant survived, thrived and passed on their dark-color gene to offspring resulting in a changed population over time.

• The pollution from the Industrial Revolution caused a mutation in their genes, changing the DNA of the gene coding for color from light to dark.

Answer explanation

In any population, there is NATURAL GENETIC VARIETY

Genetic Variety and ENVIRONMENTAL INSTABILITY/Change = necessary ingredients for evolution to occur.

The moths had the dark-color gene/variant BEFORE the industrial revolution even happened. It just so happened, when the "times" changed and the environment changed, this other variant - the dark variant - were better able to survive thus passed on their dark-color gene to offspring and, over time, the population changed.

The diagram below represents the same field of mice hunted by a hawk over a period of three months. The overall changes in the population of mice can be explained best by

• natural selection

• succession

• reproduction
  

• mouse extinction

Answer explanation

Once upon a time there was a land full of light and tan deer mice. Over time, the hawks ate more light mice because they were easier to catch given the terrain (land). And so, over time, the tan/darker deer mice population increased and passed on their tan-dark color gene to offspring who, over time, passed on their tan-dark gene to offspring, etc etc.

succession =growth or regrowing of communities/ecosystems

Which concept is best illustrated in the flowchart below?

• natural selection
  

• genetic manipulation

• dynamic equilibrium

• material cycles

The diagram below illustrates possible evolutionary pathways of SOME species. Which statement is a valid inference based on the information in the diagram?

• Species A is the common ancestor of all life on Earth.

• 2. Species D is more closely related to species E than to species F.

• 2. Species B is the ancestor of species F.

• Species C is the ancestor of species that exist at the present time.

Answer explanation

Closer Lines = Closer relatedness

Beware of "All" statements - check question for key terms like "some", "most," "many" these DO NOT MEAN ALL

Present time extends to the top of the tree. The offspring of C are all extinct.

The diagram represents possible relationships between animals in the family tree of the modern horse. One possible conclusion that can be drawn about ancestral horses A and B is that...

Hint: Don't let the "weird" science words/names intimidate you-what is the question asking? What is the best conclusion you can draw BASED ON WHAT IS IN THE QUESTION?

• A was better adapted to changes that occurred during the Pliocene Epoch than was B

• 2. the areas that B migrated to contained fewer varieties of producers than did the areas that

     A migrated to

• 2. competition between A and B led to the extinction of Pliohippus

• the adaptive characteristics present in both A and B were insufficient for survival

Answer explanation

"Replace Test Talk with more regular speech"

KEEP READING, EVEN IF YOU GOT IT RIGHT - it's a process learn it, love it, you'll do awesome!

"Adaptive characteristics"

-GOOD characteristics

-Good traits

-Helpful and beneficial traits

"Insufficient for survival"

Insufficient = not good enough

= inadequate

= not enough for

"The good characteristics present in both A and B were inadequate for survival"

The bones in the forelimbs of three mammals are shown. For these mammals, the number, position, and shape of the bones most likely indicates that they may have

Evolution Review Slides:

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/18gLF4rWyaTHmiQgJ8e93Wa0-YG0qzP_cjXZdTbiwgzM/edit#slide=id.p32

• developed in a common environment

• 2. developed from the same earlier species

• 2. identical genetic makeup

• identical methods of obtaining food

Answer explanation

The structures/traits are NOT identical, therefore they can't be genetically identical.

They are RELATED THOUGH

homologous structures indicate similar underlying structural composition, which indicates similar embryological development and thus common ancestry.

homologous structures can appear quite different and serve different functions

Areas with many different niches will most likely have

Clue: Different niches = different roles to fulfill;

think of an organization, if it has more roles to fill (more positions) will it be able to support more workers? Will it have more diverse skills and thus be a stronger, more stable, more productive organization?

• large numbers of organisms that will become extinct

• no organisms that will become extinct

• little diversity among the organisms

• great diversity among the organisms

Answer explanation

more roles to fulfill and play = more organisms can be supported

this leads to more diversity

***** KEY CONCEPT:

Biodiversity (different types of living things) increases stability

Think of a food web: more resources more varied, types of resources = more options

-if a disease wipes out one food source, if you have biodiversity, organisms can survive on other food sources.

Scientists in the United States, Europe, and Africa have now suggested that the hippopotamus is a relative of the whale. Earlier studies placed the hippo as a close relative of wild pigs, but recent studies have discovered stronger evidence for the connection to whales. This information suggests that

• genetic engineering was involved in the earlier theories
  

• structural evidence is the best evolutionary factor to consider

• natural selection does not occur in hippopotamuses
  

• scientific explanations are tentative and subject to change

Answer explanation

genetic technology is associated with more recent times so that answer doesn't make good sense

structural evidence is like judging a book by its cover

a) we know it is NOT the best evidence - BIODIVERSITY LAB - things can look the same or similar on the outside (like the flower petals and leaf shape of Botana Curus and Species X, Y, Z,

When the adaptive characteristics of a species are insufficient to allow its survival, that species is likely to...

Think back to last clue: "When the good/beneficial characteristics of a species are not enough to allow its survival, that species is likely to..."

• mate with other species

• 2. produce a beneficial mutation

• 2. form a fossil

• become extinct

The remains of three organisms are shown. A study of these remains would indicate that these organisms have...

• identical food preferences

• 2. identical body sizes

• 2. structural similarities

• habitat similarities

Answer explanation

homologous structures = structural similarities

-embryological development similarities

-common ancestry