Chapter 12

Analysis of an imaging department’s repeats rate

• provides valuable information for process improvement

• helps minimize patient exposure.

• improves overall performance of the department.

• establishes a baseline for performance

Of the following radiologic procedures, which is (are) considered nonessential?

• A cxr examination automatically scheduled on admission to the hospital

• L spine x-ray examination as part of a preemployment physical

• Whole-body CT screening

• KUB for vomiting

• Knee x-ray after knee replacement surgery

Essentially all diagnostic medical procedures result in fetal exposures

• greater than 5 Gy, the risk of abnormality is large.

• greater than 1 Gy, the risk of abnormality is large.

• of less than 0.5 Gy but greater than 0.01 Gy, the risk of abnormality is small.

• of less than 0.01 Gy, the risk of abnormality is very small.

Studies of groups such as the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima have shown that damage to the newborn is unlikely for doses below

• 5 Gy.

• 2 Gy.

• 0.5 Gy.

• 0.2 Gy.

In the event that a pregnant patient is inadvertently irradiated

• 
  the imaging department manager should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.

• 
  the radiographer performing the examination should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.

• the radiation safety officer or the medical physicist should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.

• the administrator of the hospital or imaging facility should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.

Which of the following is frequently a problem in diagnostic pediatric radiography?

• Lack of availability of appropriate pediatric immobilization devices

• Lack of cooperation of parents or guardian

• Inadequate radiation protection

• Finding imaging equipment that can accommodate pediatric imaging

• Patient motion

Which of the following are involuntary motions that cannot be willingly controlled?

• Tremors

• Chills

• Muscle spasms

• Pain

• Active withdrawal

Radiographers must limit the patient’s exposure to ionizing radiation by

• employing appropriate radiation reduction techniques.

• using protective devices that minimize radiation exposure.

• selecting radiographic exposures factors that only use low kVp and high mAs

• Ensuring the patient is wearing protective clothing.

Because multiple bony areas span the entire body, the radiation dose absorbed by the organ called bone marrow

• cannot be measured by a direct method; it can only be estimated.

• 
  can be accurately measured by a direct method.

• can be accurately determined by a physical examination.

• can be accurately calculated by a computer program.

Reducing the field size to the anatomic features of interest not only reduces patient exposure, but also

• Enhances the accuracy of the imaging system.

• increases recorded image quality by decreasing scatter.

• Increases the speed of the imaging process.

• decreases recorded image quality by increasing scatter.