Chapter 9 Mini Quiz

The key assumption underlying the biopsychosocial framework is that

• psychologists alone cannot diagnose mental illness.

• factors from several domains may combine to influence mental health.

• social factors are more important than psychological factors in determining mental health.

• biological factors are not as important as psychological factors in determining someone’s degree of mental health.

Match the following

• it acts like a calming agent or ‘brake’ to the excitatory neurotransmitters

• GABA

• ype of plasticity occurs at neural synapses and enables learning and memory.

• Long Term Potentiation

• excitatory neurotransmitter and makes postsynaptic neurons more likely to fire.

• Glutamate

Label the Chart for classical conditioning

c

d

e

NS

UCR

UCS

CR

CS

Match the appropriate label to the operant conditioning diagram

f

g

h

i

UCR

Phobia

Antecedent

CS

Behaviour

UCS

Consequence

CR

NS

According to​ (a)   , phobias are learned through ​ (b)   and may be acquired, maintained or modified by environmental consequences, such as ​ (c)   and punishment.

• behavioural models
• experience
• reinforcement
• Precipitation
• Operant Conditioning
• Classical Conditioning
• Social Models
• Biological Models

_________ bias is a systematic error of thinking that affects decisions and judgments, usually leading to inaccurate or unreasonable conclusions.

______ bias refers to the distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs and feelings on the recollection of previous experiences. Often, this results in what is commonly called ‘selective memory’.

____________ thinking is a thinking style which involves overestimating, exaggerating or magnifying an object, activity or situation and predicting the worst possible outcome.

Match the following examples to the terms

• Little Albert

• Catastrophic Thinking

• Avoidance reduces / removes the feelings of fear and anxiety, so avoidance is negatively reinforcing

• Operant Conditioning

• a person with a specific phobia may assume that they will die if exposed to stimulus

• Classical Conditioning

Bobbi, a 1-year-old child, is playing with red balloons when suddenly one bursts, making a loud noise. Bobbi is startled by the loud noise. She continues playing with the balloons and another one pops. Again, Bobbi demonstrates the startle reflex in response to the balloon bursting. After five balloons popping and Bobbi being startled at each pop, Bobbi now startles whenever she sees a balloon.

In terms of classical conditioning of Bobbi’s fear of a red balloon, the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus were, respectively, the

• red balloon, loud noise.

• loud noise, red balloon.

• startle reflex, red balloon.

• 
  red balloon, startle reflex.