CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 AND 2

1. In the study of social phenomena, researchers can use descriptive methods of research. Which of the following pair is incorrect?

• a. survey study to describe the status quo
• b. correlations study to investigate relationships between variables
• c. developmental or historical method of data gathering to determine the evolution or changes in the thing or subject over time
• d. none of these

2. Exploratory research is:

• a. looks for the patterns, ideas or hypotheses rather than attempts to test or confirm hypotheses.
• b. explores on the cause-and-effect relationship of variables through scientific manipulation, prediction and control.
• c. either of these
• d. neither of these

3. Based on the variables of research, which is known as presumed cause – the one manipulated by the researcher?

• a. independent variable
• b. dependent variable
• c. control group
• d. experimental group

4. Studying the relationship between eating breakfast before coming to school and student’s performance, the student’s performance is:

• a. independent variable
• b. dependent variable
• c. control group
• d. experimental group

5. In order to conclude that eating breakfast improves student’s performance, students who take breakfast must perform better than those who don’t. The group taking breakfast serves as:

• a. independent variable
• b. dependent variable
• c. control group
• d. experimental group

6. Extraneous variable is:

• a. the third variable of research
• b. any other factor that might affect the dependent variable.
• c. variable that may compete with the independent variable in explaining the outcome.
• d. any of these

7. Quantitative approach is characterized by:

• a. inductive reasoning
• b. subjectivity
• c. discovery, description and process orientation
• d. none of these

8. A type of educational research in which the research decides what to study; asks specific, narrow questions, collects quantifiable data from participants.

• a. quantitative research
• b. qualitative research
• c. mixed method
• d. none of these

9. In terms of timeframes, which design collects data at a single point in time?

• a. longitudinal
• b. retrospective
• c. prospective
• d. cross-sectional

10. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

• a. Experimental – manipulation of independent variable; control group; randomization
• b. Within-subjects – subjects in groups being compared are the same people at different times or in different conditions
• c. Laboratory – data collected in a real-world setting
• d. none of these