Speech Organs´ quiz

Which 3 mechanisms help us to produce speech?

• Respiration, phonation, and articulation.

• Ears, Nose, Mouth
• Brain, Heart, Lungs

The respiration mechanism is composed of these organs:

• Lungs, trachea, bronchi, diaphragm, larynx

• Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood
• Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves
• Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Intestines

Phonation mechanism has these organs:

• Larynx, vocal folds/cords, glottis, and arytenoids (cartilages)

• Heart, Lungs, and Kidneys
• Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerves
• Stomach, Liver, and Intestines

Articulation mechanism, vocal tract or active articulators are:

• Parts of a musical instrument
• Components of a car engine
• (Lower) lip, tongue, glottis, and uvula

• Elements of a computer system

Secondary/passive articulators are:

• Tongue and Lips
• Teeth and Palate
• Vocal cords and Larynx
• Palate, nasal cavity, velum, pharynx, epiglottis, oesophagus, trachea, lower/upper teeth, and aveolar ridge

Phonemes are defined as...

• A mental/abstract representation of a speech sound.

• The smallest unit of meaning in a language
• The smallest unit of sound in a word
• The smallest unit of language that can be spoken

And allophones are defined as...

• The phonetic realization of a phoneme.

• A type of mobile phone
• A type of headphones
• A type of microphone

Do allophones change words´meaning?

How is this process called?

• I give up.

• Yes, it's called phonemic variation
• Absolutely not!

  It´s called complementary distribution.

• No, it's called phonemic variation

What about phonemes, do they change meanings?

How is this phenomenon called?

• Phonemes do not change meanings, this phenomenon is called Phonemic Invariance
• Phonemes change meanings, this phenomenon is called Phonemic Shift
• I don´t know, mate.

• Yes, they do it!

  It´s called contrastive distribution.

In languages, when two words/forms are written similarly, but a sound changes their meanings, it´s known as...

(a)