Sampling Methods/Types of Experiments/Research Designs

Which sampling method involves every member of the target population having an equal chance of being asked to participate in the study?

• Opportunity/convenience

• Random

• Self-selected/volunteer

• Snowball

Which sampling method involves participants approaching the researchers as volunteers to participate in the study?

• Opportunity/convenience

• Random

• Self-selected/volunteer

• Snowball

Which sampling method involves a sample gradually increasing in size after a small number of initially selected participants ask more people to participate?

• Opportunity/convenience

• Random

• Self-selected/volunteer

• Snowball

Which sampling method involves gathering a sample because they have a particular set of characteristics that make them suitable for study?

• Opportunity/convenience

• Random

• Self-selected/volunteer

• Purposive

Which sampling method involves selecting participants based on their easy accessibility and proximity to the researcher?

• Opportunity/convenience

• Random

• Self-selected/volunteer

• Snowball

What is a potential source of bias in the question below?

Many fast food restaurants want feedback from their customers, so they offer a free cookie/Whopper/etc. on the back of their receipts if you call in and take a short phone survey. After one student shared this fact with many friends, the number of surveys taken at local restaurants greatly increased.

When the participants' expectations have an effect on the results of the study.

• Extraneous variable

• Sampling bias

• Participant variability

• Participant expectancy effect

Any factor a researcher must consider in order to reduce possible negative effects of the research on participants or other people.

• Participant variability

• Extraneous variable

• Ethical consideration

• Generalizability

A study that manipulates an independent variable in a naturalistic setting and measures the effects of this.

• True experiment

• Field experiment

• Quasi experiment

• Natural experiment

A type of sampling method where the researchers advertise the study and participants volunteer to participate.

• Random sampling

• Opportunity sampling

• Self-selected sampling

• Purposive sampling