epidermis

its purpose is to prevent most evaporation & acts as barrier to pathogens & chemicals, has keratin (principal constituent of skin)

• Stratum Corneum

• Stratum Lucidum

• Stratum Granulosum

• Stratum Spinosum

• Stratum Basale/Germinativum

function is to protect skin to areas prone to damage, consists of flat translucent layers of dead cells, contains protein called eleidin

• Stratum Corneum

• Stratum Lucidum

• Stratum Granulosum

• Stratum Spinosum

• Stratum Basale/Germinativum

where the process of keratinization associated with the dying of cells is found, keratinocytes are found in this area which migrates from stratum spinosum

• Stratum Corneum

• Stratum Lucidum

• Stratum Granulosum

• Stratum Spinosum

• Stratum Basale/Germinativum

process of active synthesis takes place in this layer, indicates cell division & growth, keratinocyte cell is a stem cell that generate in this layer

• Stratum Corneum

• Stratum Lucidum

• Stratum Granulosum

• Stratum Spinosum

• Stratum Basale/Germinativum

cell is maintained in 3 process

• effective keratinization of the cell approaching to the surface

• continual cell division in the deeper layer being pushed to the surface

• desquamation, shredding of keratinized cells into surface

• shredding of oil glands

• regulating sudoriferous glands

undergoes cell division to produce new cells, cells produced in this area reaches surface to replace shredded dead cells in the superficial layer

• Stratum Corneum

• Stratum Lucidum

• Stratum Granulosum

• Stratum Spinosum

• Stratum Basale/Germinativum

clear intracellular protein converted to keratin

keratin is produced by _

It is the process by which newly formed cells in the hair bulb mature, fill with keratin, move upward, lose their nucleus, and die. the newly formed cells experience development when these cells are pushed from the base layers to the surface.