Psych 1 - Unit 2 - Learning (Hartman)

Pavlov placed food in the mouths of the dogs, and they began to salivate. Pavlov's student noticed that after a few days the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the student's footsteps. The salivation to the sound of the footsteps was a ________.

• secondary reinforer

• primary reinforcer

• conditioned response

• positive reinforcer

In Pavlov's classic experiments, the repeated presentations of the metronome along with the food formed the ________ step of the classical conditioning process.

• acquisition

• extinction

• testing

• spontaneous recovery

After Pavlov's dogs became conditioned to salivate at the sound of the metronome, he experimented with sounding the metronome and then failing to present the dogs with any food right away. Soon they stopped salivating to the sound of the metronome. This represents the process called ________.

• acquisition

• spontaneous recovery

• extinction

• testing

Little Albert was conditioned to fear a ________.

• loud noise

• green snake

• white rat

• brown mouse

The person MOST closely associated with the Law of Effect is ________.

• 
  Skinner

• Watson

• Pavlov

• Thorndike

If a person's action is followed by a pleasurable consequence, the probability of that person repeating the same action increases. This best illustrates ________.

• Heisenberg's uncertainty principle

• the Law of Effect

• the Law of Desirable Consequences

• generalization

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called ________.

• classical conditioning

• spontaneous recovery

• effective based learning

• operant conditioning

Of the following, ________ would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people.

• money

• attention

• praise

• food

A negative reinforcer is an unpleasant stimulus that is ________ in order to ________ the probability of a response.

• removed; decrease

• presented; decrease

• removed; increase

• presented; increase

When the number of responses is important to a schedule of reinforcement, that schedule is called a(n) ________ schedule.

• conditioned

• interval

• ratio

• time-delayed