Brain Science Summative Study Quizizz

The following is a quote from the text: “If Phineas survived with a large piece of his cortex destroyed, then what does the cortex do? Across America and Europe, doctors are fiercely divided over this very question. There are two rival schools.” What does the author mean by the word "rival"?

• Someone that has false information

• Two groups arguing/going against each other

• Two groups that agree with each other

• Someone that is an expert on something

What did the Whole Brainers believe about the brain?

• The whole brain only works together if you are smart

• The brain is separated into sections

• The brain isn't connected to any other part of the body

• The whole brain works together as one part

What did the Localizers believe about the brain?

• There are specific "organs" in the brain that control specific functions

• The brain stem was the most important part of the brain

• The parts flow together to form one big area

• The frontal lobe was the most important part of the brain

Phrenologists is another word for.....

• Doctors

• Whole Brainers

• Scientists

• Localizers

“Back in 1850, the Localizers/Phrenologists haven’t seen a single thought or brainwave. Still, that doesn’t stop them from identifying thirty-seven 'organs' of the brain. How do they do it? Bumps. That’s right. Bumps on the head.” Based on these sentences, how does the author feel about the Localizers theory?

• He is amused by their theory that "bumps" represent the organs of the brain.

• He wishes he could meet those who came up with the theory.

• He is angry about the theory.

• He believes the Localizer theory more than the Whole Brainer theory.

Which details provides the best evidence for the Localizers' theory that specific "'organs' inside the brain control specific functions" (20)?

• "Dr. Harlow leaks the information to Dr. Sizer that the "completely recovered" Phineas is not the old Phineas."

• "On the other side, Dr. Harlow is a Localizer, or at least he is a friend of some leading Localizers/Phrenologists."

• "Dr. Sizer is a big man in phrenology and lectures on it all over New England."

How would Phineas's case help support the Localizers theory?

• The change in Phineas's personality proved that an injury to a specific part of the brain only affects a specific function of the brain.

• The change in Phineas's personality proved that an injury to a specific part of the brain affects all of its functions.

Which of the following is the STRONGER piece of evidence to show how Phineas changed after his accident?

• "'We have been informed by the best authority that after the man recovered, and while recovering, he was grossly profane, coarse, and vulgar, to such a degree that his society was intolerable to decent people.'" (24).

• "Dr. Harlow leaks the information to Dr. Sizer that the 'completely recovered' Phineas is not the old Phineas." (24)

Which quote BEST explains why Phineas's behavior was more like an adolescent than an adult?

• "In the late 2000s, Steinberg, along with other researchers including B.J. Casey, proposed a theory to explain why risk-taking peaks in adolescence." (7)

• "The core idea is that, in young adolescents, the limbic system is already mature and particularly sensitive to the rewarding feeling that risk-taking sometimes elicits." (7)

• "Adults are better at regulating behavior and stopping themselves taking dangerous risks, even when the risks are exciting and potentially rewarding, because of their mature prefrontal cortex. Adolescents, not so much." (8)

How was the Localizer theory limited by a lack of technology?

• There weren't enough doctors that supported it.

• They weren't limited at all. They had unlimited access to technology.

• They had no way to measure or see which part of the brain controls what.

• Phineas Gage was not a good example to support their theory.