Unit 1 Chapter 2 Test—“Expansion of Empires, War, and Reform”

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Which statement explains the changes after Muhammad’s death shown in the map? Use the map to answer the question.

• a) A civil war led to a split in Islam
• b) A period of peace increased trade
• c) The first four caliphs spread Islam through conquest.
• d) The first four caliphs developed a policy of religious tolerance.

Why are Muslims required to make a pilgrimage during their lifetime?

• a) to show their devotion to Allah
• b) to commemorate Muhammad’s conquests
• c) to show their respect for Islamic communities
• d) to commemorate Muhammad’s last trip to Mecca

How did Muslim scholars contribute to the field of mathematics?

• a) They developed algebra
• b) They developed geometry
• c) They invented the abacus.
• d) They invented written numbers.

Why was the method of transportation shown in the image challenging for traders?

• a) It required them to travel across the desert.
• b) It opened them up to attacks and warfare.
• c) It cost large amounts of time and money
• d) It resulted in the spread of disease

Which feature of Islamic art is shown in the picture?

• a) tall ceilings
• b) use of one color
• c) images of animals
• d) geometric patterns

Based on the map, which is a difference between the First and Third Crusades?

• a) Unlike the First Crusade, crusaders on the Third Crusade mostly traveled by water to the Holy Land
• b) Unlike the First Crusade, crusaders on the Third Crusade built a kingdom in Jerusalem.
• c) Unlike the First Crusade, crusaders on the Third Crusade passed through Rome.
• d) Unlike the First Crusade, crusaders on the Third Crusade fought in Edessa.

Why did Alexius I ask Pope Urban II for help?

• a) Peace in Palestine and Jerusalem depended on the presence of knights
• b) Trade controlled by the Muslim Turks raised prices for the Byzantines.
• c) Conquests by the Muslim Turks made travel to the Holy Land difficult.
• d) War in the Holy Land threatened to spread into the Byzantine Empire.

What were some effects of the Crusades? Select the three correct answers

• a) The pope became a religious and secular leader
• b) Trade between Europe and the Muslim world grew.
• e) Jewish people were killed for their beliefs.
• c) Trust between Christians and Muslims improved.
• d) Christians regained control of the Holy Land.

Why did barons and merchants force King John to sign the Magna Carta?

• a) He released many prisoners.
• b) He raised taxes to pay for a war
• c) He lost lands to the Spanish king.
• d) He prevented towns from having fairs.