Human Physiology Midterm 1

The regulation of blood pressure is controlled via:

• Negative feedback

• Positive feedback

• Feedforward control

Which of the following is the effector in the homeostatic control of blood pressure?

• The baroreceptors

• The brain

• The heart

• Blood pressure

Which of the following are membranes most permeable to?

• O²

• H²O

• Na⁺

• Glucose

In the following diagram, there is a positive membrane potential. What direction is the electrochemical gradient of potassium (K⁺)

• Towards the inside

• Towards the outside

• No gradient

• Not enough info

What impact would increasing the surface area for diffusion have on the rate of diffusion?

• Decrease

• Increase

• No change

What impact would increasing the distance required for diffusion have on the rate of diffusion?

• Decrease

• Increase

• No change

Which of the following methods of membrane transport use a continuous pore through the centre of a protein?

• Channel mediated diffusion

• Carrier-mediated diffusion

• Primary active transport

• Secondary active transport

Which of the following methods of membrane transport move solutes against their electrochemical gradients using ATP

• Channel mediated diffusion

• Carrier-mediated diffusion

• Primary active transport

• Simple diffusion

In signal transduction, a protein is activated by a second messenger, causing it to phosphorylate another protein. What is it called?

• Second Messenger

• First messenger

• Relay protein

• Effector protein

A water-soluble hormone usually does what?

• Travels through the blood and binds to a receptor on a cell membrane

• Travels to nearby cells in the extracellular fluid and binds on the cell membrane

• Binds on its own membrane

• Binds inside the cell