GCSE MEM 1.2 Key studies and Morals

Donna shared her toys with her brother because she knows if she doesn't her mum will be angry with her. What stage of moral development do you think Donna is in according to Kohlberg?

• pre-conventional

• conventional

• post-conventional

Tim is 5 years old and his pet hamster was killed by his pet cat! Tim now thinks his cat is a bad cat. According to Piaget, why might it be difficult for Tim to reason that his cat has little control over it's instincts?

• he is unable to engage in hypothetical reasoning

• he cannot understand complex concrete concepts

• the concepts of instinct and control might be too abstract for Tim to understand

• Tim is egocentric and can't understand what it is like to be a cat

In the study by Piaget and Inhelder, which was not part of the procedure?

• Children had to match a picture of the 3 mountains to match their own perspective

• Children had to match a picture of the 3 mountains to match the dolls perspective

• Children had to arrange shapes to match the dolls perspective

• Children had to place the doll in the position which match a picture they were shown.

• Children draw a picture of the 3 mountains from the doll's perspective

In the study by Gunderson, which findings were true?

• 'other' praise was the most common type of praise

• process praise was more common than person praise

• boys received more person praise than girls

• parents who believed that intelligence is not malleable gave more process praise

“Imagine a kid who thinks that a person is a certain amount of smart, and they stay

pretty much the same. How much do you agree with this kid?”

This question was asked in Gunderson's student ...

• in the motivational framework (sociomoral) questionnaire

• in the motivational framework (intelligence) questionnaire

• Parent's questionnaire on intelligence malleability

• during the researcher's observations

What is the age range of the participants in the study by Gunderson?

• 14 months to 8 years

• 38 months to 7 years

• 14 months to 7 years

• 38 months to 8 years

If an individual bases their moral judgments from their individual point of view and based on the exchange of something good for themselves, they are in which stage of moral development?

• preconventional

• conventional

• post conventional

Which findings from Piaget's study were NOT true?

• children between 4 and 6 could not match the picture with the doll's perspective

• children between 4 and 6 could arrange the objects to match the doll's perspective

• children between 7 and 12 could not match the picture with the doll's perspective

• children between 7 and 12 could usually arrange the objects to match the doll's perspective

• children between 7 and 9 were more inconsistent than children aged 9 to 12 on the picture and object task

Claire did not do as well as she wanted to in her biology test, but her teacher praised her

for working hard and trying her best. Claire feels more confident about her learning and

works harder for her next test. She achieves a better mark on her second test and her

teacher praises her for excellent effort.

What is a strength of Claire's teacher praising her effort?

• she is likely to develop a fixed mindset as a result

• there is evidence to support that this type of praise helps develop an incremental motivational framework

• there is some evidence e.g. Bouchard to support that intelligence is to some extent determined by genetics

• there is some evidence from Gunderson to suggest that praising effort leads to parents thinking intelligence is more malleable

Gunderson's study might lack generalizability because ...

• the study was conducted in a natural setting

• the children in the study were of different races

• the children all lived in Chicago

• the families in the study were from a variety of different financial b