Political Philosophy Vocabulary Review

Much of the political philosophy of Western Europe was developed in the Enlightenment Era. From the video, how was the Enlightenment Era different from the period before?

What were the first identified natural rights?

(a)  

What is the concept of natural law?

• The idea that all humans should follow a moral code that can be discovered through reason.

• The belief that laws should be based on religious principles.

• The theory that humans are inherently evil and need strict laws to control their behavior.

• The notion that moral codes are subjective and vary from person to person.

What does the theory of natural law and natural rights state?

• There are moral truths that exist outside of government.

• The government determines moral truths.

• Moral truths are subjective and vary from person to person.

• Natural law and natural rights have no relation to morality.

You are on a walk and see $500 laying on the sidewalk. You have two options, either bring the money to the police station or keep it for yourself. To complicate the issue someone passing by sees you picking up the money and says it's there's although there is no proof.

How do the concepts of natural law and natural rights fit in to this scenario?

What is the state of nature?

• A condition where there is no legitimate political authority

• A condition where there is a strong political authority

• A condition where there is a balance of power between political authorities

• A condition where there is anarchy

What does the first theory suggest about the state of nature?

• The state of nature describes the earliest society where people were only accountable to each other.

• The state of nature is a concept that does not apply to early societies.

• The state of nature refers to a time when people were accountable to a higher authority.

• The state of nature is a modern concept that did not exist in early societies.

What is the relationship between the state of nature and natural law?

What is a tyranny?

• A form of government where power is shared by the people

• A cruel and unfair government controlled by a few individuals

• A system of government where everyone has equal power

• A government ruled by a single person

What is the main difference between a tyrant and a king?

• A tyrant is given the authority to rule, while a king seizes power.

• A king is given the authority to rule, while a tyrant seizes power.

• A tyrant and a king both seize power, but a tyrant rules with authority.

• A king and a tyrant both seize power, but a king rules with authority.