Unit 4 Test Review

How did the growth of the railroad industry lead to the growth of stock markets in the United States?

• A. The railroad industry led to the expansion of other industries such as steel and coal. These industries required large capital investments that could best be obtained through the stock market.

• B. The railroad industry led to the rapid growth of cities on the nation's coasts. These coastal cities developed independent stock markets to raise capital in order to expand their infrastructure.

• C. The railroad industry was decentralized and controlled by many small investors. These investors were not independently wealthy and needed to raise capital through the sale of stock in order to further expand.

• D. The railroad industry was decimated by the Civil War and was on the verge of collapse. The federal government organized stock markets in order to help railroads raise capital so that the nation could start to rebuild.

Which of the following BEST describes the contribution of railroads to the economic development of the United States?

• A. lowered costs of shipping in the United States

• B. allowed more immigrants to enter the country

• C. enabled trade to most parts of the country

• D. provided good investment opportunities

Which Scottish immigrant became a billionaire during the Second Industrial Revolution by introducing the Bessemer process to massproduce steel and vertically integrating the steel industry?

• A. Andrew Carnegie

• B. Cornelius Vanderbilt

• C. Henry Clay Frick

• D. John Jacob Astor

In the late nineteenth century, corporate mergers and the creation of holding trusts and companies led to which of the following?

• A. increasingly diversified markets

• B. the development of monopolies

• C. more small businesses

• D. less international trade

Thomas Edison created a commercially viable incandescent light bulb in 1879. How did this invention change the American workplace?

• A. It forced workers to specialize in certain tasks.

• B. It reduced efficiency in the workplace.

• C. It allowed workers to work longer hours.

• D. It led to the end of child labor laws.

Which is one difference between Angel Island and Ellis Island?

• A. Immigrants from Europe generally passed through Angel Island while immigrants from Asia generally passed through Ellis Island.

• B. Immigrants who had were unemployed passed through Ellis Island to gain entry to the United States, while immigrants who had secured jobs passed through Angel Island.

• C. Immigrants from Europe generally passed through Ellis Island while immigrants from Asia generally passed through Angel Island.

• D. Immigrants who had were unemployed passed through Angel Island to gain entry to the United States, while immigrants who had secured jobs passed through Ellis Island.

Which group's description would BEST fit inside the box on the right?

• A. northern and western Europeans who arrived in the mid- to late 1800s

• B. all European immigrants who arrived in the late 1800s and early 1900s

• C. all non-European immigrants who arrived in the late 1800s and early 1900s

• D. southern and eastern Europeans who arrived in the late 1800s and early 1900s

Which of these groups is described by the points listed in the box?

• A. the Molly Maguires

• B. the Knights of Labor

• C. the American Federation of Labor

• D. the International Workers of the World

During the late 1800s, the U.S. steel industry directly benefited from

• the expansion of railroads.

• the passage of Jim Crow laws.

• the construction of the Panama Canal.

• the adoption of progressive political reforms.

What was the national origin of most immigrants to the United States during the late 1800s and early 1900s?

• China and Southeast Asia

• Mexico and Latin America

• western and southern Africa

• southern and eastern Europe